Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: importance of surface modifications and its role in drug delivery

Abstract

Mesoporous nanoparticles are special examples of silica nanoparticles. They are well known for their variety of applications in various fields including biomedicine. This has been attributed to their size, tenability and easily modifiable capabilities because of the presence of functional groups, and their biocompatibility. In this review, we specifically focus on different modes of surface modifications using amino propyl and organic chains which facilitate maximum drug loading and sustained release. This review provides complete information about the importance of surface modifications and their biological consequences that will be helpful to understand the use of MCM-41 and SBA 15 as suitable drug delivery systems.

Targeted drug delivery using genetically engineered diatom biosilica

“…Active targeting of drug-delivery vehicles using antibodies that target tumour cells via cognate cell membrane receptors overexpressed in cancer has been shown to improve therapeutic outcomes in cancer and prevent off-target delivery-related side effects 14 . However, simultaneous binding of drugs and antibodies to diatom silica particles has not been achieved and has hardly been investigated for synthetic mesoporous silica materials 15 . To date, there is only one successful example that has demonstrated the targeted delivery of doxorubicin to tumour-bearing tissue in mice using antibody-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles 16 .…”

Bio-templated bioactive glass particles with hierarchical macro–nano porous structure and drug delivery capability

“…Furthermore, due to TCH being a highly water-soluble drug and sol-gel derived PBGPs being highly hydrophilic, occupation of TCH solution in the free space of nano pores is possible. It means that the higher porosity of PBGPs should also favor the loading of TCH [18,21]. Compared with 45S5 BGPs, PBGPs and TBGPs both showed sustained release behavior (Fig.…”

“…The covalent methods involve chemically bonded reactions and non-covalent bonding includes all other means such as hydrophobic, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and steric immobilization [42]. In the context of covalent strategies, BGs are usually chemically modified with active groups (e.g., amine and carboxyl groups) [21,43], which might form covalent bonds with drug molecules. Although the covalent bonds could improve the loading efficiency and are more controllable for sustained delivery, the covalent bonds might also denature the drug molecules [43].…”

“…In addition, gel-derived BGs have a higher density of Si-OH groups on the surface. This could provide more sites for functionalization so as to reach more controllable and smarter drug delivery [18,21,22]. BGPs via the templating of organic species [23][24][25].…”

Effect of Aluminum Incorporation into Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Framework on Drug Release Kinetics

“…Such systems must be biocompatible and able to load a significant amount of therapeutic agent and to release it following a predetermined time profile. Mesoporous silica nanomaterials (MSN) are currently studied for drug delivery applications due to their biosafety [1,2], high adsorption capacity [3][4][5], and possibility of tailoring the release profiles based on the interactions between the guest drug molecules and silica pore surface [6][7][8]. The most common methods of modifying the MSN properties include functionalization with organic groups [9][10][11][12][13], doping the silica framework with different atoms [14][15][16][17], or changing the morphologic and textural MSN properties, such as particle shape, pore size, specific surface area, total pore volume, or the pore arrangement and geometry [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”