Mesoporous polybutadiene-modified zirconia for high-temperature packed capillary liquid chromatography: column preparation and temperature programming stability

Temperature and pH‐stability of commercial stationary phases

“…By repeatingly heating the column up and cooling it down, thermal stress is exposed to the bed and to the column hardware. This thermal stress can lead to a swelling or shrinking of the packing and the column hardware [53,54]. Both effects might contribute to a degradation of the initial performance of the column.…”

Fabrication and characterization of a zirconia/multi-walled carbon nanotube mesoporous composite

“…The XRD patterns of ZrO 2 /MWCNTs and MWCNTs are shown in Most of the previously reported mesoporous ZrO 2 do not show such a pure cubic phase [10][11][12][13][14][15]33,34], which generally exists as a stable form of ZrO 2 crystals at high temperatures (above 2370°C) [35]. Previous studies indicated that the addition of CNTs or carbon powders tended to stabilize cubic ZrO 2 at room temperature [36,37] because CNTs not only provide large nano-scale nuclear sites for ZrO 2 but also prevent ZrO 2 particles from aggregating and growing in the drying process, both of which are propitious for the stabilization of the cubic phase.…”

“…Among the transitionmetal oxides, there was particularly intensive focus on ZrO 2 because of its unique properties such as its high ion-exchange capacity and higher redox activity and selectivity [15][16][17][18], which made it an attractive material for applications in separation, catalysis and sensors. ZrO 2 has three polymorphs: monoclinic (m-phase, below 1170°C), tetragonal (t-phase, between 1170 and 2370°C) and cubic (c-phase, above 2370°C) [19].…”

Controlling the retention in capillary LC with solvents, temperature, and electric fields

“…In the packed columns, reversed-phase stationary phases have been most extensively studied and only a limited number of studies have been published using others like ion exchange [96] and silica [97]. The reversed-phase materials are almost exclusively silica based; however, the temperature tolerance of the zirconia materials has promoted their use [85,98,99]. The most common inner diameters are 0.25 and 0.32 mm, but 0.50 mm ID has also been used.…”