Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Bamboo Waste via Microwave-Assisted K2CO3 Activation: Adsorption Optimization and Mechanism for Methylene Blue Dye

Abstract

Bamboo waste (BW) was activated with a K2CO3 precursor in a microwave process for the adsorption of MB dye from an aqueous solution. The prepared bamboo-waste-activated carbon (BWAC) was analyzed by instrumental techniques such as FTIR, SEM, and BET analysis. The surface of the BWAC was mesoporous with a surface area of 107.148 m2/g. The MB dye removal was optimized with the three variables of adsorbent dose, pH, and contact time using the Box–Behnken design (BBD) model. Up to 87% of MB was removed in the optimized conditions of adsorbent dose of 0.08 g/100 mL, pH of 7.62, time of 8 min, and concentration of 50 mg/L. Here, the most effective parameter for MB removal was found to be adsorbent dose with an F-value of 121.70, while time and pH showed a smaller effect. The maximum adsorption capacity of BWAC in the optimized conditions was found to be 85.6 mg/g. The adsorption of MB on BWAC’s surface was through chemisorption and a spontaneous process. The adsorption mechanism study showed that three types of interactions are responsible for the removal of MB dye from aqueous solutions by BWAC, i.e., electrostatic interactions, H-bonding, and pi–pi interactions. Hence, BWAC can be considered a highly efficient adsorbent for MB removal from wastewater.

Reinforce the surface properties of domestic garbage activated carbon by low temperature plasma accustomed in energy storage applications

“…In this pursuit, researchers and innovators have turned their attention to the vast potential hidden within fruit peels, recognizing them as a rich source of valuable compounds and fibers. Among these advancements, the emergence of mixed fruit peels activated carbon stands out as a promising development that not only addresses the issue of Paper is available on the website: www.idk.org.rs/journal waste management but also offers numerous applications in diverse fields [1,2]. This revolutionary material, derived from a combination of discarded fruit peels and advanced activation techniques, has garnered attention as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional activated carbon [3].…”

Preparation of Bamboo-Based Activated Carbon via Steam Activation for Efficient Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption: Modeling and Mechanism Studies

“…At present, researchers have developed a variety of activated carbon materials with biomass as precursors. − However, due to technical limitations, the yield and cost of biomass precursors, only a small amount of biomass precursors has been industrially produced . It is worth mentioning that the activated carbon prepared by Jawad et al from biological waste such as watermelon rinds has the advantages of low cost and high adsorption performance. − The formation of a rich porous structure is an important step in enhancing the adsorption performance of activated carbon, which is usually formed during the activation stage. Activation methods are generally divided into chemical and physical routes .…”

Application of Box–Behnken Design to Optimize Phosphate Adsorption Conditions from Water onto Novel Adsorbent CS-ZL/ZrO/Fe3O4: Characterization, Equilibrium, Isotherm, Kinetic, and Desorption Studies

“…According to [5], PO 4 3− decontamination must be performed efficiently while having a minimal impact on the surrounding ecosystem. Many methods have been reported to be effective in removing PO 4 3− from water, including biological [6] methods, electrochemical [7,8] methods, precipitation [9], ion exchange [10], and adsorption [11,12]. Each strategy has advantages and disadvantages.…”