Meso-scale Spatial Distribution of Plankton: Co-evolution of Concepts and Instrumentation

Herman, Alex W.; Platt, Trevor

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8090-0_21

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The study of spatial organization of zooplankton at sea requires well-defined sampling strategies and adequate instruments to control the high level of variability inherent to plankton distribution (Denman & Mackas 1978, Haury et al 1978, Herman & Platt 1980 Ortner et al 1983). One of the methods recently developed to study the spatial distribution of macrozooplankton is the use of high frequency echosounding to locate aggregations and estimate their biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation of euphausiids along a coastal shelf in an upwelling environment

Simard¹,

Ladurantaye²,

Therriault³

1986

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Spatial distribubon of biomass of euphausiids in the St. Lawrence estuary was investigated using high frequency (104 kHz) echo integration. Most of the euphausiids were aggregated in a long (>l00 km) narrow (1 to 7 km) patch along the northern edge of the Laurentian Channel. Biomass in the patch was higher than 1 g dry wt m-2 and showed well-defined zones of a few km2 with higher biomasses (up to 22.2 g dry wt m-'). Mean density in the patch was -60 mg dry wt m-3. Euphausiids were found at depths varying between 50 and 175 m, often with large concentrations just above the bottom. The vertical distribution was characterized by 2 principal modes, at 75 and 150 m. In the first mode, Thysanoessa raschi was the dominant organism while in the second mode, Meganyctiphanes norvegica was dominant. Vertical and horizontal distribution patterns of temperature and salinity indicated that upwelling was occurring during the survey. It is suggested that the aggregation of euphausiids along one edge of the channel resulted from the interaction of the negative phototaxis of the animals with the upwehng and mean circulation in the area. The euphausiids were passively transported towards the north shore by the circulation, up to a boundary corresponding to a barrier imposed by underwater daylight penetration, where they accumulated. Thls resulted in the formation of a long narrow patch along bathymetric contours on the upwelling side of the Laurentian Channel in the St. Lawrence estuary.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation of euphausiids along a coastal shelf in an upwelling environment

Simard¹,

Ladurantaye²,

Therriault³

1986

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…On two voyages he tested Carl Chun's claim that plankton occur at all depths of the ocean; Agassiz searched for an intermediate fauna, between surface and bottom, but never found it, due partly to inadequate equipment and partly to sampling waters that lacked intermediate organisms (Mills 1980 a , 1983:39–44, Spence 2002:290–291). Accurate oceanic plankton sampling remained a difficult challenge well into the 1900s (Herman and Platt 1980). Plankton specialist Kofoid sailed with him in 1904–1905 for six months to the South Seas (Kofoid 1911, Shor 1974:461).…”

Section: Research Voyagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Ecological Sciences, Part 51: Formalizing Marine Ecology, 1870s to 1920s

Egerton

2014

Bulletin Ecologic Soc America

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“…In the past, the grain size chosen for a particular research question was constrained by the physical limits of sampling programs (Downing et al 1987;Herman and Platt 1980) and our inability to directly perceive the system. Pelagic systems are remotely sampled with nets, pumps, cameras or sonar leading to a plethora of data dependent on sample type and spatial arrangement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of changing spatial scale on acoustic observations of patchiness in the Gulf Stream

Nero¹,

Magnuson²

1992

Landscape Ecol

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We examine the influence of spatial scale on studies of nektonic patchiness at the north edge of the Gulf Stream by altering the grain size of acoustic cross sections and applying a patch-finding algorithm. From original 'pictures' of 180 pixels deep by 540-1260 pixels long, we averaged depth and length, to give 9 scales ranging from fine grain (1 m vertical x 25 m horizontal sized pixels) to coarse grain (12 m x 300 m sized pixels). Measures of overall echo intensity within patches were the most predictable and showed little change with scale. Measures of variability of the echo within patches showed simple negative trends with scale and were best measured at fine spatial scales. Patch size and shape related variables have a more complex relationship with scale with differences between day and night transects more pronounced at intermediate scales. This suggests behavioral patch forming mechanisms within the nekton occur at a specific grain size (4 m vertical x 100 m horizontal) within the Gulf Stream front.

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Meso-scale Spatial Distribution of Plankton: Co-evolution of Concepts and Instrumentation

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Aggregation of euphausiids along a coastal shelf in an upwelling environment

Aggregation of euphausiids along a coastal shelf in an upwelling environment

History of Ecological Sciences, Part 51: Formalizing Marine Ecology, 1870s to 1920s

Effects of changing spatial scale on acoustic observations of patchiness in the Gulf Stream

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