Mesenchymal Stem Cells Lysate as a Cell-Free Therapy: A Review

Abstract

: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a self-renewing and multipotent population of cells, have proved to be a potential regenerative medical therapy option. Initially, it was assumed that the primary mechanism behind MSCs action was cell substitution by differentiation and engraftment at the injury site. However, recent trials have demonstrated that implanted cells do not last long and that the benefits of MSCs therapy may be triggered by a wide number of bioactive factors that are essential for regulating main biological processes. Thus, supporting the paracrine mechanism of action of MSCs. Application of secretome could eliminate the potential risk factors associated with MSCs transplantation, like the unknown fate of cells after transplantation, malignant transformation, and undesired differentiation of MSCs. However, the use of a secretome might not give long-lasting and desired results. Thus, it may intuitively suggest the need for other treatment options. The cellular lysate is considered as an alternate cell-free treatment strategy for the cure of multiple disorders. The present review describes the MSCs secretome/extracellular vesicles and MSCs lysate, derived from bone marrow and adipose, as a cell-free therapy with the application of MSCs lysate for various diseases during the period 2010 to 2020. Moreover, it also highlights the advantages and limitations of each cell-free therapy.

Stem Cell- and Stem Cell-Free-Based Therapies: Pros and Cons

“…It is believed that SCs have unique properties such as self-renewability, and commitment into target cell lineages while these cells can produce a large number of their copies. Upon injection into the target sites, SCs can relatively control the activity of allo-reactive immune cells [1][2][3]. The aim of this review is to critically assess West Kazakhstan Medical Journal Halimeh Mobarak et al the advantages and limitations of stem cell-based therapies and cell-free approaches, particularly focusing on exosomes, in the context of regenerative medicine, highlighting their potential clinical implications and challenges.…”