Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Isolation and Therapeutics

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are progenitors of all connective tissue cells. In adults of multiple vertebrate species, MSCs have been isolated from bone marrow (BM) and other tissues, expanded in culture, and differentiated into several tissue-forming cells such as bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, tendon, liver, kidney, heart, and even brain cells. Recent advances in the practical end of application of MSCs toward regeneration of a human-shaped articular condyle of the synovial joint is one example of their functionality and versatility. The present review not only outlines several approaches relevant to the isolation and therapeutic use of MSCs, but also presents several examples of phenotypic and functional characterization of isolated MSCs and their progeny.

Stimulatory effect of 17β-estradiol on osteogenic differentiation potential of rat adipose tissue-derived stem cells

“…Stem cells require glucocorticoids in the culture medium for osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation (Jaiswal et al 1997;Zuk et al 2002;Alhadlaq et al 2004;Ray et al 2008). Glucocorticoids, including Dex, promote osteogenic differentiation and induce the formation of bone-like nodules in embryonic and adult stem cells cultures.…”

“…Although embryonic stem cells have enormous self-renewal capacity and multilineage potential, their use in experimental and clinical studies are limited due to many ethical and political issues. Therefore, adult stem cells from stromal compartment of mesenchymal tissues have been proposed as an alternative source for cell-based therapies (Alhadlaq and Mao 2004;Krampera et al 2006;Caplan 2007). To date, stromal cells or often called mesenchymal stem cells have been isolated from bone marrow, muscles, skin and adipose tissue and characterized widely (Krampera et al 2006;Caplan 2007;Peng et al 2008).…”

Isolation, characterization and investigation of differentiation potential of human periodontal ligament cells and dental follicle progenitor cells and their response to BMP-7 in vitro

“…Dental tissues such as dental pulp (DP), human primary teeth, periodontal ligament (PDL) and dental follicle (DF) have been identified as appropriate sources of stem cells and/or progenitor cells [1][2][3][4].…”

Updates in the pathophysiological mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease: Emerging role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

“…The resulting cultures were referred to as firstpassage cultures. MSCs in cultures were characterized by their adhesiveness and fusiform shape [16] .…”