Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Roles in Tumor Growth, Progression, and Drug Resistance

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ubiquitously present in many tissues. Due to their unique advantages, MSCs have been widely employed in clinical studies. Emerging evidences indicate that MSCs can also migrate to the tumor surrounding stroma and exert complex effects on tumor growth and progression. However, the effect of MSCs on tumor growth is still a matter of debate. Several studies have shown that MSCs could favor tumor growth. On the contrary, other groups have demonstrated that MSCs suppressed tumor progression. Extracellular vesicles have emerged as a new mechanism of cell-to-cell communication in the development of tumor diseases. MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) could mimic the effects of the mesenchymal stem cells from which they originate. Different studies have reported that MSC-EVs may exert various effects on the growth, metastasis, and drug response of different tumor cells by transferring proteins, messenger RNA, and microRNA to recipient cells. In the present review, we summarize the components of MSC-EVs and discuss the roles of MSC-EVs in different malignant diseases, including the related mechanisms that may account for their therapeutic potential. MSC-EVs open up a promising opportunity in the treatment of cancer with increased efficacy.

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and their potential immune modulatory functions

“…It is a chemokine which can attract various progenitor cells, stem cells, leukocytes, neurons, angioblast/endothelial cells, and tumor cells. Thus it is involved in plenty of processes such as angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, and tissue repair (e.g., myocardial infarction (MI) and ischeamic stroke) (Bromage, Davidson, & Yellon, 2014;Kubota et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2017). CXCL12/SDF-1 acts through the G protein-coupled CXCR4.…”

Trophic Activity and Phenotype of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Background of Their Regenerative Potential

“…It has been suggested that these vesicles are secreted by a variety of cell types and can function as intercellular transmitters of mRNA, microRNA, and proteins [83]. They are thought to mimic the roles played by mesenchymal stem cells from which they originate [84, 85]. The importance of ASC-secreted exosomes in promoting tissue repair has been reported.…”

Delivery of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles with enriched miR-185 inhibits progression of OPMD

“…Engineered EVs or EVs from healthy subjects can transport biologically active anti-cancer molecules, that in turn regulate gene expression and cellular function in target cells [21]. In particular, the administration of MSC-derived EVs exerts various effects on the development and progression of different type of cancers [22,23]. The safety and feasibility observed in early clinical trials using MSCs has resulted in an increased interest in the translation of the use of these cells to the clinic [24].…”