Mesenchymal stem cell-based bone tissue engineering for veterinary practice

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering has been widely studied and proposed as a promising platform for correcting the bone defects. The applications of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based bone tissue engineering have been investigated in various in vitro and in vivo models. In this regard, the promising animal bone defect models have been employed for illustrating the bone regenerative capacity of MSC-based bone tissue engineering. However, most studies aimed for clinical applications in human. These evidences suggest a knowledge gap to fulfill the accomplishment for veterinary implementation. In this review, the fundamental concept, knowledge, and technology of MSC-based bone tissue engineering focusing on veterinary applications are summarized. In addition, the potential canine MSCs resources for veterinary bone tissue engineering are reviewed, including canine bone marrow-derived MSCs, canine adipose-derived MSCs, and canine dental tissue-derived MSCs. This review will provide a basic and current information for studies aiming for the utilization of MSC-based bone tissue engineering in veterinary practice.

Systems biology analysis of osteogenic differentiation behavior by canine mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and dental pulp

“…We found that the potential cMSC resources for canine BTE were cBM-MSCs and cDPSCs, due to their plasticity, availability, and accessibility 4 , 21 . From our preliminary study and published report, cMSCs behaved differently from human MSCs (hMSCs) regarding the osteogenic differentiation potential (in-house data) 8 , 9 . We found that cMSCs showed matrix mineralization earlier than hMSCs did, so the osteogenic differentiation process and underlying mechanism might be different between cMSCs and hMSCs.…”

“…According to the correction of skeletal and maxillofacial bone defects in veterinary practice, trend of stem cell-based regenerative treatment is of interest, especially for the application of BTE 9 . In this regard, the potential stem cell resources for the generation of bone-forming cells are the crucial factors determining the success of the treatment.…”

“…Previous studies mostly focused on individual osteogenic differentiation potential of the cells, rather than comparing and clarifying their osteogenic differentiation behavior 8 , 9 , 31 , 32 . To address this concern, comparative proteomics-based systems biology analysis was performed for dissecting the osteogenic differentiation behavior of cBM-MSCs and cDPSCs in vitro , since quantitative proteomics analysis has been proposed as a promising tool for comprehensively analyzing an osteogenic differentiation by many MSC-based osteogenic models 33 , 34 .…”

“…cBM-MSCs and cDPSCs are MSCs respectively derived from bone marrow aspirate and dental pulp tissue that naturally serve as osteogenic or odontogenic precursor of their tissue origins 6 , 7 . Mostly, the in vitro studies described their osteogenic differentiation potential based on alkaline phosphatase activity, extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization, osteogenic marker expression, and optimization of induction protocol without further detail on governing signaling cascades and potential application analysis 8 , 9 . Recent studies using omics-based systems biology approach have thoroughly dissected the osteogenic differentiation behavior of BM-MSCs and DPSCs from human resources suggesting the correlated and uncorrelated characteristics upon an in vitro induction model 10 , 11 .…”

“…potential based on alkaline phosphatase activity, extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization, osteogenic marker expression, and optimization of induction protocol without further detail on governing signaling cascades and potential application analysis 8,9 . Recent studies using omics-based systems biology approach have thoroughly dissected the osteogenic differentiation behavior of BM-MSCs and DPSCs from human resources suggesting the correlated and uncorrelated characteristics upon an in vitro induction model 10,11 .…”