Meroterpenoid‐Rich Fraction of the Ethanol Extract of Sargassum Serratifolium Suppresses Collagen‐Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in DBA/1J Mice Via Inhibition of Nuclear Factor κB Activation

Abstract

Scope: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder related to the inflammation of cartilage due to the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Sargassum serratifolium, a brown alga, possesses strong anti-inflammatory activities. Methods and Results: The effect of meroterpenoid-rich fraction from the ethanol extract of S. serratifolium (MES) on RA and its underlying mechanisms on the inhibition of RA using a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model are examined. The results show that MES ameliorates paw swelling and reduces the arthritis score. MES considerably decreases the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum and joint tissue of mice. Histopathological analysis demonstrates that MES strongly inhibited bone damage and inflammatory cell intrusion in the joint tissue.

Pharmacological and natural products diversity of the brown algae genusSargassum

“…The ethanol extract showed a downregulated NF-kB signaling pathway by suppressing the phosphorylation of protein kinase B, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogenactivated protein kinases. 86 An ethanol extract of S. serratifolium exhibited potential antimicrobial activity against pathogenic commensal bacteria related to acne vulgaris (P. acnes, S. epidermidis, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa), and C. albicans, which causes cutaneous candidiasis. Among the solvent-soluble fractions from the ethanol extract, the n-hexane fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against all the tested human skin pathogens (MIC from 32 to 512 mg mL À1 ).…”

Meroterpenoid-Rich Ethanoic Extract of Sargassum macrocarpum Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice

“…MES, a meroterpeniod rich extract of brown alga S. macrocarpum, exhibited a strong anti-inflammatory activity, in multiple cell and animal models [24,33,42]. Its anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating activity is attributable to a panel of components including SHQA, SCM and SQA [21,32,[43][44][45].…”

“…The fresh material of S. macrocarpum was air dried and stored in a deep-freezer until subsequent extraction. The extract preparation and active component analysis have been described previously [24]. In brief, dried sample (1.0 kg) was extracted twice with 70% (v/v) ethyl alcohol (5 L each) for 3 h each at 70 • C. The ethanol extract was filtered through an ultrafiltration system (MWCO, 50 kDa) and evaporated ethanol with vacuum evaporator (Eyela N3010, Tokyo, Japan) until the lipid compound was separated from the water fraction.…”

“…Sargassum macrocarpum, a brown alga, is a rich source of anti-inflammatory compounds [19][20][21][22]. In previous studies, we have found a strong anti-inflammatory activity of meroterpenoid-rich ethanoic extract of S. macrocarpum (MES) using macrophages, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis mice [21,23,24]. It also shows regulation on critical inflammatory response signaling pathways, such as MAPK and NF-κB [24,25].…”

“…It also shows regulation on critical inflammatory response signaling pathways, such as MAPK and NF-κB [24,25]. These two pathways strongly influence the course of UC [24,26].…”