Merkel Cell (Neuroendocrine) Carcinoma of the Anal Canal

Paterson, Craig; Musselman, L.; Chorneyko, Katherine; Reid, S.; Rawlinson, Jennifer E.

doi:10.1007/s10350-004-6630-1

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Adenocarcinomas of the anal canal can also arise from the columnar mucosa of the transitional zone and the anal glands present in the canal. Other less common histology of anal canal tumors include melanoma, small cell carcinomas, sarcoma, lymphoma, and very rarely, metastasis from other primary tumors [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinoma of the anal canal

Marshall

Thomas

2009

Oncol Rev

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There are around 5,000 new cases of anal canal cancer each year in the United States. It is of particular risk in HIV-positive populations. Many cases are related to persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). The treatment of anal cancer has progressed from abdominoperineal resection mandating permanent colostomy in the 1940s through the 1970s to modern chemoradiation with sphincter preservation in around 80% of patients, even with locally advanced disease. The evolution of the treatment paradigm of this disease is a model for the treatment of malignant disease with organ preservation. Multiple randomized trials have been conducted to guide this evolution. Technological developments in the delivery of radiotherapy and anti-cancer pharmaceuticals harbor hope for further improvements in outcomes with possible reductions in toxicity and increases in tumor control. Perhaps most inspiring is the recent development of HPV vaccines that may significantly decrease the incidence of this cancer.

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Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinoma of the anal canal

Marshall

Thomas

2009

Oncol Rev

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“…Macroscopically and histologically, they are indistinguishable from ordinary colorectal‐type adenocarcinoma, and do not seem to represent a special entity except for their low location 2 . Neuroendocrine tumors might also arise in the anus; in one reported case of Merkel cell carcinoma, the tumor arose in the anal canal 1–3 . Extramammary Paget's disease (EPD) derived from the epidermis or its appendages has been designated as ‘primary’ EPD.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anal canal neuroendocrine carcinoma with Pagetoid extension

Guo

Miyazaki

Jin

et al. 2004

Pathology International

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A case of anal canal neuroendocrine carcinoma with Pagetoid intraepithelial extension is presented. An 80-year-old man was admitted to hospital with a complaint of pain in the anorectal region. Clinical examination revealed a hard and fixed mass in the anal canal, and subsequent biopsy of the lesion showed it to be a carcinoma. The surgically resected specimen showed a solid tumor measuring 3.4 x 3.2 cm within the area from the surgical anal canal to the anatomical anal canal. Tumor cells proliferated predominantly with compact nests. Many tumor cells had a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, dispersed chromatin, and conspicuous nucleoli. Additionally, neoplastic cells focally formed a glandular structure. Some polygonal neoplastic cells were small with round nuclei. A rosette-like arrangement was also focally observed. In addition, tumor cells exhibited Pagetoid extension into the overlying epithelium of the histological anal canal. Both the underlying original neoplastic cells and the Pagetoid spreading tumor cells showed cytoplasmic granules positive for Grimelius staining and immunopositivity for carcinoembryonic antigen, synaptophysin and cytokeratins 7 and 20. These findings are highly suggestive of neuroendocrine differentiation of adenocarcinoma cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of anal canal neuroendocrine carcinoma with Pagetoid extension into the overlying epithelium of the histological anal canal.

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“…Factores que determinan pronósti-co son la ubicación (peor pronóstico en el tronco) y la diseminación nodal, así como la diseminación secundaria; nuevamente se realiza la comparación con el melanoma, en el cual el compromiso linfonodal es factor de mal pronóstico. Como todos los tumores de células de Merkel de zonas atípicas, la enfermedad metastásica se presenta usualmente al momento del diagnóstico 10 o poco después de éste, siendo de mal pronóstico. A raíz del significativo impacto en la sobrevida del compromiso ganglionar, se estima que el tratamiento óptimo de los pacientes de alto riesgo implica una excisión local amplia con un margen de al menos 2 cm libre de tumor 2,11 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Carcinoma de células de Merkel en la región perianal: Reporte de un caso

et al. 2009

Rev Chil Cir

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Merkel cell carcinoma. Report of one caseMerkel cell carcinoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor typically found on sun-exposed areas such as face and extremities. We report a 57 years old male presenting with a tumor in the left perianal region that prior to surgery was catalogued as a perianal teratoma. The pathological study informed a Merkel cell tumor. It was locally excised and a cutaneous flap was made. Two years after surgery, the patient had pulmonary metastases and chemotherapy was started. Due to lack of response, it was discontinued after four cycles.Key words: Merkel cell tumor, local excision, pulmonary metastases. ResumenLos tumores de células de Merkel, son raros tumores neuroendocrinos que típicamente son encontrados en zonas expuestas al sol como cara y extremidades. Describimos un caso de un paciente de 57 años de edad con una tumoración en la región perianal que inicialmente se catalogó como un teratoma, cuya histopatología informó un tumor de células de Merkel. Se manejo con resección local amplia y colgajo cutáneo. Después de 2 años de la cirugía, el paciente evolucionó con claros signos de enfermedad metastásica pulmonar y actualmente se encuentra en manejo paliativo con quimioterapia.Palabras clave: Tumor de células de Merkel, resección local, enfermedad metastásica. IntroducciónEl carcinoma de células de Merkel o carcinoma neuroendocrino cutáneo es un tumor poco frecuente y agresivo, asociado a una elevada tendencia a invasión ganglionar, recurrencia y metástasis a distancia. La etiología de éste, así como en muchos de los tumores cutáneos descritos, es desconocida. La hipótesis más aceptada es aquella que describe el efecto oncogénico de las radiaciones solares aso- CASOS CLÍNICOS

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Merkel Cell (Neuroendocrine) Carcinoma of the Anal Canal

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Carcinoma of the anal canal

Carcinoma of the anal canal

Anal canal neuroendocrine carcinoma with Pagetoid extension

Carcinoma de células de Merkel en la región perianal: Reporte de un caso

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