Merging of legal micro-ontologies from European directives

Abstract. In order to manage the conceptual representation of European law we have proposed the Legal Taxonomy Syllabus (LTS) and the related methodology. In this paper we consider further issues that emerged during the testing and use of the LTS, and how we took them into account in the new release of the system. In particular, we address the problem of representing interpretation of terms besides the definitions occurring in the directives, the problem of normative change, and the process of planning legal reforms of European law. We show how to include into the Legal Taxonomy Syllabus the Acquis Principleswhich have been sketched by scholars in European Private Law from the so-called Acquis communautaire -, how to take the temporal dimension into account in ontologies, and how to apply natural language processing techniques to the legal texts being annotated in the LTS.

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“…[2,1], and there are two projects that are strictly related to our approach, i.e. the LOIS and DALOS projects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general problem of multilingualism in European legislation has recently been addressed by using linguistic and ontological methodologies and tools, e.g. [1,2,3,4,5]. The management of EUD is particularly complex, since the implementation of a EUD does not correspond to a straight transposition into a national law.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel Legal Ontologies

Ajani

Boella

Lesmo

et al. 2010

Semantic Processing of Legal Texts

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“…Another way of extending a core legal ontology (CLO) is to associate lexical information with it. A project where lexical resources are integrated into core ontological categories is shown in (Despres and Szulman 2005), where terms, automatically extracted from legislative texts, are transformed into concepts and syntactic relations are interpreted as functional properties or roles. Alignment between micro-ontologies created from similar, partially overlapping sources is driven by means of categories grounded in the core ontology.…”

Section: Task-driven Ontologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structuring of legal knowledge in LOIS

2007

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Legal information retrieval is in need of the provision of legal knowledge for the improvement of search strategies. For this purpose, the LOIS project is concerned with the construction of a multilingual WordNet for cross-lingual information retrieval in the legal domain. In this article, we set out how a hybrid approach, featuring lexically and legally grounded conceptual representations, can fit the cross-lingual information retrieval needs of both legal professionals and laymen.

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“…The eGanges system (Gray 2005) provides a legal expert shell environment, and LODE (Aoki et al 1998) is a legal ontology development tool. TERMINAE provides a construction methodology (Despres and Szulman 2005) for composing micro-ontologies into a single composite ontology. LawBot uses agents and ontology-augmented search to help those outside the legal profession acquire legal information (Debnath et al 2000).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legal ontology of sales law application to ecommerce

Bagby

Mullen

2007

Artif Intell Law

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Legal codes, such as the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) examined in this article, are good points of entry for AI and ontology work because of their more straightforward adaptability to relationship linking and rules-based encoding. However, approaches relying on encoding solely on formal code structure are incomplete, missing the rich experience of practitioner expertise that identifies key relationships and decision criteria often supplied by experienced practitioners and process experts from various disciplines (e.g., sociology, political economics, logistics, operations research). This research focuses on the UCC because it transcends the limitations of a formal code, functioning essentially as a composite. AI work can benefit from real-world codes like the UCC, which are essentially formal codes enlightened from a more realistic experience-base from centuries of development in international commercial transactions settings. This paper then describes our initial work in converting an expert system on the U.S. law governing the sale of goods from Article II of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), into a knowledge-based system using the Web Ontology Language OWL.

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Merging of legal micro-ontologies from European directives

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Multilevel Legal Ontologies

Multilevel Legal Ontologies

The structuring of legal knowledge in LOIS

Legal ontology of sales law application to ecommerce

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