“…In developing this research, we benefited from discussions with Don Palmer. We presented an earlier version of this paper at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management in Seattle, 2003. level of analysis have examined the effects of resource dependence (Pfeffer, 1972), industry concentration (Pfeffer & Salancik, 1978), market power (Burt, 1980;Galbraith & Stiles, 1984), industry profitability (Christensen & Montgomery, 1981;Park, 2003), and industry constraints (Palmer, Barber, Zhou, & Soysal, 1995) on merger behaviors (Finkelstein, 1997). Such factors as environmental uncertainty (Dickson & Weaver, 1997), technological complexity and volatility (Hagedoorn, 1993), industry growth (Devlin & Bleackley, 1988;Dickson & Weaver, 1997), and demands for internationalization (Dickson & Weaver, 1997) have been identified as correlates of alliances.…”