Mercury Removal System for Upstream Application: Experience in Treating Mercury From Raw Condensate

Sainal, Muhamad Rashid; Shafawi, Azman; Mohamed, Abdul Jabar Hj.

doi:10.2118/106610-ms

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…There were some contaminants such as H 2 S, CO 2 and trace elements present but were minimal and require no additional facilities to treat them to meet the gas supply specifications (1). Offshore treatment processes were mainly confined to dehydration and water treatment systems.…”

Section: Figure I : Peninsular Malaysia Gas Distribution Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxic contaminants from these activities can enter into the environmental cycle and food chains easily, through emission during processing stages or unregulated disposal of wastes or accidents (1). The toxic contaminants from these activities can enter into the environmental cycle and food chains easily, through emission during processing stages or unregulated disposal of wastes or accidents (1).…”

Section: What Is Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feeding into these delivery systems are also supplies from other fields such as Sotong, Malong, Anding, the PM-9 PSC fields and PM3 PSC (1). The main gas producing fields are notably Duyong, Resak and Angsi, which produces both crude oil and gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mercury Removal Project: Issues and Challenges in Managing and Executing a Technology Project

et al. 2007

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fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThis paper will share the experience of PETRONAS in managing and executing its Mercury Removal Project, one of the world's first mercury removal projects for raw and untreated condensate. It focuses on the selection of the appropriate technology for the project, the additional steps taken in mitigating the project risks, and the issues and challenges encountered during project execution. The paper will also share the challenges faced during commissioning and initial operation of the plant, and ways taken to mitigate the problems. This includes addressing issues of impurities, particulates, water, and in monitoring the performance of handling high pressure samples for mercury content determination, as well as fluctuation of mercury concentration in the hydrocarbon stream.A project to remove mercury from hydrocarbon was initiated by PETRONAS on a fast track basis. The intent of the project is to remove mercury from the hydrocarbon prior delivering it to the downstream customer. Since the technology in removal of mercury from raw condensate had not been commercially proven before, a thorough selection process was undertaken in selecting the appropriate technology. Adsorbent technology was selected against other technologies evaluated.The project managed to be completed ahead of time, with the first unit installed in March, 2006 some 13 months from project initiation. The results during the monitoring period proved that the unit managed to remove mercury successfully exceeding the project requirement. The data obtained from the performance monitoring of the unit was required to improve the removal efficiency and to sustain the units' long term effectiveness. It was observed that a different project management approach was needed in executing a technology project. A proper selection of technology was also vital in ensuring the success of the project.Mercury is highly toxic, particularly when present in the form of organo-mercury species. Mercury not only is hazardous to human health and the environment but could also attack equipment components that have mercury reactive material, leading to potential catastrophic failure to the plant. With the ability to remove mercury from the hydrocarbon stream effectively, danger to human and the environment can be minimised and catastrophic failure to the plants prevented. 2.0 THAILAND SINGAPORE Kertih Kuantan Kangar Ipoh Sitiawan R.O. Kuala LumpurSeremban

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Section: Figure I : Peninsular Malaysia Gas Distribution Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Is Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mercury Removal Project: Issues and Challenges in Managing and Executing a Technology Project

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“…Such systems usually rely on surface adsorption on metal sulfide pellets, e.g. sulfide-containing alumina 7 . However, individual Hg species exhibit different chemical and physical properties which may affect their reactivity towards the adsorbent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For fields with a high mercury concentration, it may be necessary to add a mercury removal system into the process design. Such systems usually rely on surface adsorption on metal sulfide pellets, e.g., sulfide-containing alumina . However, individual Hg species exhibit different chemical and physical properties which may affect their reactivity toward the adsorbent.…”

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confidence: 99%

AF4-UV-MALS-ICP-MS/MS, spICP-MS, and STEM-EDX for the Characterization of Metal-Containing Nanoparticles in Gas Condensates from Petroleum Hydrocarbon Samples

et al. 2018

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The coupling of flow field flow fractionation (FlFFF) with ICP-MS/MS for the fractionation and analysis of natural nanoparticles in environmental samples is becoming more popular. However, the applicability of this technique to non-aqueous samples such as gas condensates from petroleum hydrocarbon samples has not been reported yet. In this study, an asymmetric flow-field flow fractionation (AF4) system coupled with UV and MALS detectors has been optimized to perform the fractionation of natural nanoparticles present in a gas condensate sample, using THF as the carrier liquid. Prior to this, STEM images indicated the presence of both large (200 nm and more) and smaller (50 nm and less) particles, whose irregular shape is probably due to agglomeration. AF4-UV-MALS-ICP-MS/MS confirmed the presence of various nanoparticles and colloids, some containing aromatic compounds as well as various metals including Hg. The recovery against an injection without crossflow is around 75% for most metals. The presence of Hgcontaining nanoparticles was confirmed with offline single particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS), using THF as a solvent. These NPs were identified as HgS using STEM-EDX. These results highlight for the first time that particulate matter may contaminate gas condensates with a series of elements (Al,

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A review on mercury in natural gas and its condensate: Accurate characterization and efficient control technologies for total and speciated mercury

Wang,

Liu,

Wang

et al. 2024

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Mercury Removal System for Upstream Application: Experience in Treating Mercury From Raw Condensate

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Mercury Removal Project: Issues and Challenges in Managing and Executing a Technology Project

Mercury Removal Project: Issues and Challenges in Managing and Executing a Technology Project

AF4-UV-MALS-ICP-MS/MS, spICP-MS, and STEM-EDX for the Characterization of Metal-Containing Nanoparticles in Gas Condensates from Petroleum Hydrocarbon Samples

A review on mercury in natural gas and its condensate: Accurate characterization and efficient control technologies for total and speciated mercury

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