Mercury Release from Dental Amalgam Restorations after Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Following Mobile Phone Use

Abstract

In the 1st phase of this study, thirty patients were investigated. Five milliliter stimulated saliva was collected just before and after MRI. The magnetic flux density was 0.23 T and the duration of exposure of patients to magnetic field was 30 minutes. In the 2nd phase, fourteen female healthy University students who had not used mobile phones before the study and did not have any previous amalgam restorations were investigated. Dental amalgam restoration was performed for all 14 students. Their urine samples were collected before amalgam restoration and at days 1, 2, 3 and 4 after restoration. The mean +/- SD saliva Hg concentrations of the patients before and after MRI were 8.6 +/- 3.0 and 11.3 +/- 5.3 microg L(-1), respectively (p < 0.01). A statistical significant (p < 0.05) higher concentration was observed in the students used mobile phone. The mean +/- SE urinary Hg concentrations of the students who used mobile phones were 2.43 +/- 0.25, 2.71 +/- 0.27, 3.79 +/- 0.25, 4.8 +/- 0.27 and 4.5 +/- 0.32 microg L(-1) before the amalgam restoration and at days 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Whereas the respective Hg concentrations in the controls, were 2.07 +/- 0.22, 2.34 +/- 0.30, 2.51 +/- 0.25, 2.66 +/- 0.24 and 2.76 +/- 0.32 microg L(-1). It appears that MRI and microwave radiation emitted from mobile phones significantly release mercury from dental amalgam restoration. Further research is needed to clarify whether other common sources of electromagnetic field exposure may cause alterations in dental amalgam and accelerate the release of mercury.

Increased Mercury release due to exposure to electromagnetic radiation as a limiting factor for using dental amalgam

“…These indings are generally in line with the results obtained in our previous studies on the increased release of mercury from dental amalgam illings after exposure to different sources of electromagnetic ields such as MRI or radiations emitted by mobile phones (8,10) . To the best of our knowledge, our study is the irst to investigate the effects of mobile phone radiations on the release of mercury from dental amalgam illings.…”

“…Increased release of mercury from dental amalgam illings after exposure to MRI or microwave radiation emitted by mobile phones has been previously reported by our research team (8,9) . Moreover, our recent studies on the effects of stronger magnetic ields entirely con irmed our previous indings (10) .…”

Effect of Cell Phone Radiations on Orofacial Structures: A Systematic Review

“…They found that mobile phone use in patients had a time-dependent effect on the concentration of nickel in the saliva. Mortazavi SM et al, studied the release of mercury from dental amalgam restorations in mobile phone users [32]. They found that there was significant release of mercury from dental amalgam restoration due to microwave radiation emitted from mobile phones.…”

“…Mortazavi SM et al, [32] Human study Investigated the release of mercury from amalgam restorations due to use of cell phone.…”

Quasi-optical Systems Based on Periodic Structures

“…that is zero at  t T , the following equality holds: (44) it is possible to show that every term in (43) is nonnegative (Mikhailov, 1976) and therefore   , u g t is equal to zero for all   int g and   0 t T , which means that the solution to the problem (42) is unique. This proves the equivalency of the two problems.…”