Effect of Cell Phone Radiations on Orofacial Structures: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: The widespread use of cell phone in recent years has raised many questions whether their use is safe to operator who is exposed to Electromagnetic Waves (EMV). Aim:To find out the effect of cell phone emitted radiations on the orofacial structures. Materials and Methods:To identify suitable literature, an electronic search was performed using Medline, Pubmed and EBSCO host database in December 2016. The search was focused on effect of cell phone on orofacial structures. Among the literature available in English, the screening of the related titles and abstracts was done, and only those articles were selected for full text reading that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results:The initial literature search resulted in 360 articles out of which only 24 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review.

An Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Electromagnetic Radiations Emitted from Mobile Phone on General Health, pH, Flow Rate and Electrolytes Concentrations of Saliva in Female Adults

“…In the study of Goldwein and Aframian [59], they documented that salivary flow rate was increased in mobile phone users, when the mobile phone use was increased over years, salivary flow was increased too. More recently, Mishra et al [28] documented that the salivary flow rate is increased and there is alteration of the cytokine expression profile of the salivary gland in heavy cell phone users. The reasons standing behind increase in the salivary flow rate were found to be similar to the reasons mentioned previously in the study Goldwein and Aframian [59].…”

“…Of the thousands of articles on the biological effects of mobile phone radiation, few studies on the effect of these radiation on electrolyte and salivary function have been achieved. Special focus was paid on the effect of mobile phone radiation on human psychomotor performance [19], thyroid function [20], oral health [21], kidney cells [22], oral mucosa [23], heart rate variability [24], reproductive systems [25], neonatal birth weight and infant health status [26], lymphoma subtypes [27], orofacial Structures [28,29], memory working and performance [30,31]. In addition, Volkow et al [32], studied the effects of cell phone radiofrequency signal exposure on brain glucose metabolism.…”

Effects of mobile phone radiation on parotid gland: immunohistochemical study

“…Micro-wave radiation is not ionized and have high tissue temperature effects, and in view of the frequencies used by mobile phones, most of the energy is absorbed by the skin and other surface tissues, which results in very little rise in temperature of the brain and other parts of the body [8].…”

An Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Electromagnetic Radiations Emitted from Mobile Phone on General Health, pH, Flow Rate and Electrolytes Concentrations of Saliva in Female Adults

“…Of the thousands of articles on the biological effects of mobile phone radiation, few studies on the effect of these radiation on electrolyte and salivary function have been achieved. Special focus was paid on the effect of mobile phone radiation on human psychomotor performance (Curcio, 2018), thyroid function (Baby et al, 2018), oral health (Dagli and Hans, 2015), kidney cells (Mahmoudi et al, 2018), oral mucosa (Hintzsche and Stopper, 2010), heart rate variability (Misek et al, 2018), reproductive systems (Altun et al, 2018), neonatal birth weight and infant health status (Lu et al, 2017), lymphoma subtypes (Satta et al, 2018), orofacial Structures (Mishra et al, 2017;Mishra and Chowdhary, 2018), memory working and performance (Zubko et al, 2017;Brzozek et al, 2018). In addition, Volkow et al (2011), studied the effects of cell phone radiofrequency signal exposure on brain glucose metabolism.…”