Merchant Enterprise in Britain

Chapman, S. D.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511522505

Cited by 227 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…PC is the head group of phosphatidyl choline (lecithin) which is a major component of the exterior surface of cell membranes. The expectation of protein resistance is based on the hypothesis that these groups should mimic the lipid component of the cell surface (10) which is supposed to be essentially protein resistant. Ishihara et al (11) have suggested that arrays of such PC moieties attached to a surface in contact with blood will bind phospholipids and organize them into structures that are lipid bilayer-like, and thus protein resistant.…”

Section: Theory and Molecular Mechanisms Of Protein Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteins at Interfaces

Brash

Horbett

1995

ACS Symposium Series

199

118

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Proteins at interfaces are involved in a wide variety of phenomena, including mammalian cell growth in culture, reactions to implanted biomaterials, growth of soil bacteria, and formation of organized layers of proteins at the oil/water and air/water interfaces.This broad range of phenomena has attracted the interest of a correspondingly broad range of scientists and engineers, many with different backgrounds and different perspectives. As a result, the field of proteins at interfaces displays as much breadth as depth, and many of the investigators in this field of research conduct investigations that are unique with respect both to the particular protein/surface system studied and to the methods used. The many different approaches and systems under investigation, and in particular the wide variety of applications towards which the research is directed, means that an overview such as this one which is limited in length, must be selective. In selecting subtopics for discussion we had to be somewhat arbitrary, and therefore tried to focus on broad aspects which are common to most application areas.The contributions to the San Diego Symposium and to this volume represent a significant fraction of the workers who are actively involved in studying the behavior of proteins at interfaces. We have therefore chosen to organize our overview around six major aspects of protein behavior at interfaces which emerged from the Symposium. These aspects are: (1) theory, including molecular mechanisms; (2) competitive adsorption; (3) conformation and orientation of proteins at interfaces; (4) surface chemistry effects on adsorption; (5) the behavior of proteins at fluid interfaces; and (6) effects of proteins on cell interactions with surfaces.For each topic, current understanding is briefly summarized, and the contributions of the articles in this volume are then discussed. Inevitably this type of subdivision is to some extent arbitrary and artificial, so there is some overlap of material from one section to another. We trust, however, that on balance our approach will facilitate the readers' (as well as the authors') task of understanding the state of the art in this field.0097-6156/95/0602-0001$12.75/0

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Section: Theory and Molecular Mechanisms Of Protein Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteins at Interfaces

Brash

Horbett

1995

ACS Symposium Series

199

118

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“…80 The partners in Wernher Beit, the London mining fi nance house, were also personally (jointly) worth as much as Morgan, and they controlled investments worth $359 million. 81 There was considerable voluntary specialization of London's fi nancial institutions: retail commercial banks (as in the U.S. and Germany) then both underwrote securities issues and fi nanced international trade in competition with merchant banks, but they mainly specialized in deposit-taking, loans, and overdrafts. Banks handling overseas securities, like the Morgans themselves, extensively overlapped with those serving domestic companies.…”

Section: Market Competition and Banking Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

J. P. Morgan in London and New York before 1914

Hannah¹

2011

Bus. Hist. Rev.

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Before 1914, London had a stock exchange that was larger and qualitatively more developed than New York's. Yet the London Stock Exchange has received a bad press from historians, while the New York Exchange has achieved star billing. This forensic reexamination of J. P. Morgan–a player in both markets–suggests that such a historiography is egregiously biased. Morgan's higher profi ts in New York derived partly from insider deals and partly from monopolistic exactions that U.S. protectionism facilitated but that proved more problematic in the U.K.'s open, competitive markets. Morgan's contributions to the impressive catch-up process by the New York Exchange are more plausibly viewed as successful emulation of European securities-market precedents on routine matters than of the allegedly path-breaking “information-signaling” innovations of more Panglossian accounts.

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“…However an invaluable source of information is to be found in S. Timmins Tellingly, Chapman remarks that the provincial houses in Birmingham and the Black Country were often relatively small in scale because 'the industry they served was a conglomerate of small workshops'. 61 This should not be understood as implying that smallness denoted a weakness but rather that the scale of Midlands factoring businesses reflected the context within which they worked. At the same time, Jones has commented on how the numbers of merchants and factors in the Midlands increased 'substantially' during the industrial revolution, suggesting that 'entry into the factoring business was easy and that scale economies were largely absent'.…”

Section: John Shaw Of Wolverhamptonmentioning

confidence: 99%

From town to town: how commercial travel connected manufacturers and markets during the industrial revolution

Popp

2009

Journal of Historical Geography

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Merchant Enterprise in Britain

Cited by 227 publications

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Proteins at Interfaces

Proteins at Interfaces

J. P. Morgan in London and New York before 1914

From town to town: how commercial travel connected manufacturers and markets during the industrial revolution

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