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Around 1900 Britain was exceptionally suited to pioneering large scale enterprises because of the precocious development of its equity markets and London's experimentation with a more eclectic range of corporate governance techniques than the world's smaller and less cosmopolitan financial centers. Information dissemination, incentives, and reputation—developed by a serendipitous mix of legal compulsions and flexible voluntarism—set the scene for the growth of large, UK-based, national and international corporations in the twentieth century.“The investment business is not with us as well developed or as well understood as it is in England.”W. H. Lyon, Capitalization (Boston, 1913), 207.

Pension funds now account for a large portion of old-age incomes, of capital ownership, and of employee fringe benefits. A hundred years ago they hardly existed. This book, first published in 1986 by one of Britain's leading business historians, examines the interplay of business, political and social forces in this profound transformation, showing why old-age saving became rooted in the employment contract. The analysis is based on historical materials on pension funds, most of which have never previously been analysed, but this new interpretation is skilfully interwoven with the more familiar story of the development of state welfare and of personnel management. The original perspective of the book will be of interest not only to economists, historians and sociologists, but to practitioners in the field of pensions management and old-age welfare who wish to understand the constraints and opportunities provided for modern pension design by the legacy of the past.

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