“…However, it has been shown that using confederates, instead of pairs of naive participants, may compromise the reliability of experimental pragmatics studies (Kuhlen & Brennan, 2010;Lockridge & Brennan, 2002). Recent social-cognition studies have disregarded these earlier studies by using computer versions of the DT, in which participants have to pretend that a static human figure depicted behind a grid is the director (e.g., Apperly et al, 2010;Dumontheil, Küster, Apperly, & Blakemore, 2010;Santiesteban, Shah, White, Bird, & Heyes, 2015;Symeonidou, Dumontheil, Chow, & Breheny, 2016;Wang, Ali, Frisson, & Apperly, 2016). Apperly et al admitted that this setup may not be a naturalistic test, but they nonetheless concluded that their results support Keysar et al's view that adults are rather poor at using Theory-of-Mind inferences in language interpretation.…”