Mental-state attribution drives rapid, reflexive gaze following

Teufel, Christoph; Alexis, Dean M.; Clayton, Nicola S.; Davis, Greg

doi:10.3758/app.72.3.695

Cited by 121 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…Attention direction adaptation (Teufel et al, 2009) and automatic attention shifts by head orientation cues (Teufel et al, 2010a) has shown to be modulated depending on whether the participants were lead to believe that the other person was capable of seeing them or not via a video-link. Compatible with our previous propositions : Pönkänen et al, 2008, Teufel et al (2010b) proposed that mental-state attributions could modulate even the basic perceptual processing of social stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The observer observed: Frontal EEG asymmetry and autonomic responses differentiate between another person's direct and averted gaze when the face is seen live

Pönkänen

Peltola

Hietanen

2011

International Journal of Psychophysiology

106

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Recently, we showed that another person's gaze direction influenced the perceiver's frontal EEG asymmetry and autonomic arousal in response to freely viewed real faces, but not in response to face pictures. However, the lack of a task during the viewing may have resulted in less attention allocation to face pictures vs. live faces. In the present study, the participants performed two online tasks while viewing the faces presented live through an electronic shutter and as pictures on a computer screen. The results replicated those from our previous experiment showing that direct gaze elicited greater relative left-sided frontal EEG asymmetry and autonomic arousal than averted gaze but, again, only in the live condition. However, the results also showed that two live stimulus faces (male and female) elicited differential EEG asymmetry responses in our participants (all females), and the effects of gaze direction were observed only for the (live) female faces. The results suggest that the discriminative responses to live faces vs. pictures are likely to reflect the participants' enhanced mental-state attributions and self-awareness when looking at and being looked by live faces. Thus, the motivation-and affect-related psychophysiological responses to gaze direction are most discriminative in the presence of another person, regardless of whether the face/gaze is actively monitored or not.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The observer observed: Frontal EEG asymmetry and autonomic responses differentiate between another person's direct and averted gaze when the face is seen live

Pönkänen

Peltola

Hietanen

2011

International Journal of Psychophysiology

106

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“…In particular, modulation of gaze cueing by emotion has been shown to occur only using dynamic stimuli which present gaze motion (Putman, Hermans, & Van Honk, 2006). Procedures which have shown moderation of gaze cueing by mental state attribution have employed dynamic cues such as videos and human rather than schematic gaze cues (Teufel et al, 2010;Wiese et al, 2012). Evidence from the gaze-cueing literature therefore indicates that attention may be modulated by interactive factors when stimuli are dynamic and approximate a human gazer.…”

Section: Attending To Action In Interactive Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dovetailing with this view, evidence has emerged that the same processes may determine whether or not people pay attention to the actions of others (Ondobaka et al, 2012). A lack of clarity on the direction of these relationships parallels a similar debate that has emerged concerning attention to eye gaze and head direction Teufel et al, 2010;Wiese et al, 2012). Finally, questions still remain regarding when manual action is selected in natural scenes as a cue for attention, alongside competing social signals.…”

Section: Summary and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these findings, the possibility remains that the task or goal of another's saccadic behaviour may be imitated and so moderate gaze following. Studies have yet to probe this question in the case of oculomotor measures of gaze following, despite recent interest in the influence of higher level goal states in social attention (e.g., Teufel, Alexis, Clayton, & Davis, 2010;Wiese, Wykowska, Zwickel & Müller, 2012). The possibility of goal-imitation in saccadic behaviour therefore remains an interesting avenue for further work.…”

Section: Overt Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual attention and action: How cueing, direct mapping, and social interactions drive orienting

2017

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Despite considerable interest in both action perception and social attention over the last 2 decades, there has been surprisingly little investigation concerning how the manual actions of other humans orient visual attention. The present review draws together studies that have measured the orienting of attention, following observation of another's goal-directed action. Our review proposes that, in line with the literature on eye gaze, action is a particularly strong orienting cue for the visual system. However, we additionally suggest that action may orient visual attention using mechanisms, which gaze direction does not (i.e., neural direct mapping and corepresentation). Finally, we review the implications of these gaze-independent mechanisms for the study of attention to action. We suggest that our understanding of attention to action may benefit from being studied in the context of joint action paradigms, where the role of higher level action goals and social factors can be investigated.

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“…Situationspecific facial cues can be used to infer an agent's intentions and emotional state (Emery, 2000;Tomasello et al, 2007;Teufel et al, 2010), and situation-invariant structural features are the basis of a wide range of attributions from personality to attractiveness (Thornhill & Gangestad, 1999;Todorov et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

The MR2: A multi-racial, mega-resolution database of facial stimuli

et al. 2015

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Faces impart exhaustive information about their bearers, and are widely used as stimuli in psychological research. Yet many extant facial stimulus sets have substantially less detail than faces encountered in real life. In this paper, we describe a new database of facial stimuli, the Multi-Racial Mega-Resolution database (MR2). The MR2 includes 74 extremely high resolution images of European, African, and East Asian faces. This database provides a high-quality, diverse, naturalistic, and well-controlled facial image set for use in research. The MR2 is available under a Creative Commons license, and may be accessed online.

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Mental-state attribution drives rapid, reflexive gaze following

Cited by 121 publications

References 53 publications

The observer observed: Frontal EEG asymmetry and autonomic responses differentiate between another person's direct and averted gaze when the face is seen live

The observer observed: Frontal EEG asymmetry and autonomic responses differentiate between another person's direct and averted gaze when the face is seen live

Visual attention and action: How cueing, direct mapping, and social interactions drive orienting

The MR2: A multi-racial, mega-resolution database of facial stimuli

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