Mental Ill-Health and Heart Failure Comorbidity

Abstract

This review aims to understand the co-existence of mental ill-health and heart failure and if this comorbidity affects patient self-care motivation and overall health outcomes. Databases searched were; PubMed®, Google® scholar and Science Direct® for studies related to heart failure, heart failure and mental health, depression and anxiety. Eleven articles were identified and reviewed. There were two studies disagreed with the theory that the mental ill-health and heart failure has disease modification and worsen patient health outcomes, three studies concluded that only anxiety has effect, five studies concluded that both anxiety and depression have effect, six studies concluded that depression only has effect but all eleven stated that more research is required. Recent theories on depression and cardiovascular disease comorbidity and the effect mental ill-health have on medication adherence in heart failure patients was discussed. People with long-term physical illnesses may suffer further complications to their health if they develop mental illness; increasing the cost of their care by an average of 45%, however, in the majority of these cases, the mental issues neither diagnosed nor treated. This review explored the link between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mental ill health; and how comorbidity of the two conditions affects patients' adherence to therapy behaviour. It was concluded that while the link between mental ill health and heart failure (HF) is recognized, studies that may be used as a basis of evidence to confirm this link are scarce.

The Irrational Beliefs of Balinese Female Office Workers

“…IBs correlate significantly and positively to stress, where beliefs are not rational as mediators in the relationship between stressors and stress. Stress disturbs the homeostatic equilibrium of the body and makes individuals susceptible to diseases [19] and also in line with a theory that there is the link between the continuing development of heart disease and depression with chronic stress [20]. The high IBs score of Balinese women can not only result in decreased work productivity but can also result in an increased risk of chronic stress, depression, and even suicide.…”

“…Persons with IBs show a different perspective on themselves, real stressors, and the world they face. Those could create of increase a tendency to feel distressed and being hopeless [20,21].…”

A Critical Review and Local Audit of the Prevalence of Mental Ill-Health in Heart Failure Patients

“…This meta-analysis demonstrates that depression is associated with poor cardiac outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. Depression is widespread in patients with cardiovascular disease and must be screened for throughout the management plan to ensure that their mental health does not have an impact on their cardiovascular outcomes [24]. Systematic review of the available data, combined with statistical analysis, demonstrated that multidisciplinary collaborative care reduces major adverse cardiac outcomes significantly in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD).…”

A Review on Global Trends in Heart Failure and Evolution of Angiotensin–neprilysin Inhibitor

“…The current socio-demographic distribution of HF and the past 28-year trend around the world deserve special focus as the recent trend shows that changes in worldwide HF case distribution, though the burden of HF is still largely prevalent in middle to high SDI regions and which would increase the further burden in low to middle SDI regions by reversing the current scenario [1][2][3][4][5]. This will impose additional challenges to low-income countries toward attaining anticipated outcomes with their poor health-care infrastructure availability, access, and quality [22], and severe economic burden on virtually every country around the world by staggering costs related to HF, which are mainly due to repeated hospitalizations and the loss of productivity in patients with HF [31,32]. This requires the implementation of welltailored health-care services to facilitate the unsustainable burden in local health-care systems particularly in low-income countries.…”