Background: Maternal nutrition status is an important determinant of pregnancy outcomes since pre-pregnancy underweight has been traditionally considered a risk factor for adverse gestation outcomes. Objectives: The current study aims to offer updated information on the nutrition status of pregnant women and newborns to facilitate the development of health care protocols based on current knowledge. Materials and methods: The current prospective, observational study of six months descriptively assessed the nutrition status in a cohort sample of 220 pregnant women, in which vital parameters, treatment, laboratory parameters, anthropometric details, food habits and intake were obtained and documented during their regular clinical visits. During the study period all the health information's were documented and assessed. Statistical tool used was WHO Nutri Survey 2007 calculator. Results: The study observed nearly 80.45% of pregnant women were within age group of 20-30 years, illiteracy population was 35.45%. In our study, 78.19% of pregnant women were anaemic, and an overall distribution of 60.45% pregnant women within BMI of 18.5-25. In the present study the mean ± SD calorie and protein intake of the study subjects per day was found to be 1839.8 ± 250.2 Kcal and 63.1 ± 7.2 g. The prevalence rate of low birth weight during the study period was 87.43%. Conclusion: Low birth weight in India has been attributed to widespread maternal undernutrition. A better understanding of the relationship of birth size to maternal nutrition is critical for planning effective intervention to improve birth weight in Indian babies unless we perform extensive researches.

Background: Chronic kidney disease is becoming a major public health problem worldwide. The expansion of haemodialysis into a chronic renal replacement therapy also created a new field of medical science, sometimes termed the physiology of the artificial kidney but associated with acute complications. Objectives: The current longitudinal cohort study of six months duration was performed in a tertiary care teaching hospital of south India to assess acute complications associated with haemodialysis in a CKD cohort. Materials and Methods: A Structured process was followed for obtaining permission from hospital authority after the acceptance of institutional review board, a total of 109 patients diagnosed with CKD of both the genders attending department of nephrology for haemodialysis showing willingness towards the study were included and others were excluded. Enrolled patient's demography, approximate data of diagnosis (old cases) and definite data of diagnosis (new cases), vital parameters, treatment, physical examinations and laboratory parameters were obtained and documented. Results: In our study of 109 CKD patients, 81.65% were male and 49.53% falls under the age group of 41 -60 years, it was observed that 56.88% patients suffers severe anaemia out of which 43.12% were female, and 51.37% suffered severe chronic kidney disease based on serum creatinine levels. Stage I hypertension was reported in 36.69% of patients. Conclusion: In conclusion, complications caused by the reasons other than the dialysis machine and water system remain as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in haemodialysis patients.

Heart failure (HF) is a major global public health problem irrespective of its causes. It generates an enormous clinical, societal, and economic, health loss burden with an increase in its prevalence reaching an epidemic proportion. The morbidity and mortality associated with heart failure are increasing the health-related burdens worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This review highlights the trends in HF burden, the clinical spectrum of HF, and the importance of neurohormonal pathways and the evolution of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibition in HF with updated clinical practice guidelines.

Background: The pattern of diabetes incidence is related to the geographical distribution of diabetes, rough estimates show that the prevalence of diabetes in rural population is one-quarter that of urban population for India and Indian subcontinent countries. Socioeconomic status (SES) determinants of health status refer to an individual's position within a hierarchical social structure. Objective: The 6 months prospective observational cross-sectional study in a sample of 100 diabetic's performed in a secondary referral health-care setting of India aimed at assessing the association of SES of an individual based on three variables of Kuppuswamy scale. Materials and Methods: Study included participants diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) of age above 18 years who showed willingness to participate in the study, whereas pregnant women, children below 18 years of age and participants diagnosed with diabetes but showed no willingness was excluded from the study. Results: The prevalence of DM was found to be 0.0713 with period prevalence of 0