Mental health status of COVID-19 survivors: a cross sectional study

Abstract

Background Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a communicable disease caused by a virus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemics are associated with the high level of mental stress. In many countries, general people reported the high level of depression, anxiety, psychological distress, post-traumatic stress disorder during recent a pandemic. This study aims to investigate the mental health status of people who survived through this alarming situation of COVID-19. Methods In this study, seventy individuals (either gender) between the age of 18–60 years, who contracted COVID-19 previously and then recovered as indicated by negative PCR results, were included. Data was collected by using three tools: impact of event scale (IES-R), patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9) and corona anxiety scale (CAS). People with other systemic/mental disorders, ongoing malignancies, upper/lower motor disorders and inability to give consent were excluded from the study. Results Mean age of participants was 26.29 + 11.79. All the 70 responders suffered from COVID-19. Among these 23 (32.9%) were asymptomatic and 47(67.1%) had common symptoms related to COVID-19 53 (75.7%) responders also had symptoms post-recovery. Most of the people who suffered COVID-19 had mild depression. Twenty-nine participants (41.4%) reported the highest impact of this traumatic event on their mental health. After suffering from COVID-19, 74.3% reported no anxiety as measured through corona anxiety scale (CAS). Conclusion High level of post-traumatic stress was seen among participants who recovered from COVID-19, especially those patients who were symptomatic. Mild depression and anxiety were also noted among them.

COVID-19 seroprevalence after the first UK wave of the pandemic and its association with the physical and mental wellbeing of secondary care healthcare workers

“…This current study also reinforces that females experienced worse mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and similar results have been found in other studies ( Çelmeçe and Menekay, 2020 ; Shen et al, 2020 ; Hubbard et al, 2021 ; Padovan-Neto et al, 2021 ; Jafri et al, 2022 ), with women having a higher prevalence of mood disorders, specifically depression and anxiety (( de Kock et al, 2021 ; Xiong et al, 2020 ; Luceño-Moreno et al, 2020 )). However, a greater majority of our study population consisted of women.…”

Life orientation and psychological distress in COVID recovered patients-the role of coping as a mediator

“…Levels of mental distress in the United Kingdom’s population rose from 18.9 to 27.3% ( Pierce et al, 2020 ) and a 1000% rise in the United States with context to people who registered for emotional distress on the United States federal emergency hotline ( Wan, 2020 ) is a testament to the global adverse impacts of the pandemic ( Sahoo et al, 2020 ). The psychological distress was particularly evident among the patients who suffered from COVID ( Vahedian-Azimi et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ; Imran et al, 2021 ; Jafri et al, 2022 ) and were also hospitalized ( Guo et al, 2020 ; Ju et al, 2021 ; Vlake et al, 2021 ), despite there being a difference in symptoms and intensity of the disease. The level of distress was more pronounced among people during the initial stages ( Cai et al, 2020 ; Daly and Robinson, 2021 ), after several months of recovery ( Niedzwiedz et al, 2021 ) and also among women ( Sugiyama et al, 2022 ).…”

Post-Pandemic Stress Disorder as an Effect of the Epidemiological Situation Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…The study group consisted of 70 people aged 18–60 years. To collect data the authors used tools to measure mental state, such as Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) [ 45 ]. The former, the IES-R scale, is used to measure PTSD, consists of 22 items and takes into account its three different dimensions: intrusion in the form of excessive thoughts, avoidance, and overstimulation.…”

“…The results are as follows: 52 people (74.3% of the total) did not declare anxiety, while 14 people (29.7% of the total) showed anxiety related to COVID-19. Moreover, it was shown that patients with symptoms of COVID-19 have significantly higher levels of depression, stress, as well as anxiety, compared to asymptomatic patients [ 45 ]. This study shows the trauma faced by COVID-19 survivors and the need for effective psychological support.…”