Menarche, menstruation, and menopause: Psychosocial research and future directions.

Gallant, Sheryle J.; Derry, Paula S.

doi:10.1037/10178-006

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Women who are current smokers or ex-smokers have a higher risk of menstrual symptoms and miscarriage than women who have never smoked cigarettes, after controlling for potential confounders. 27 2. These risks increase both with the number of cigarettes smoked and with the age of starting to smoke.…”

Section: Mishra Dobson and Schofieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking, menstrual symptoms and miscarriage among young women

Mishra

Dobson

Schofield³

2000

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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here is considerable evidence that tobacco smoking by women is strongly associated with a range of adverse reproductive outcomes. ' j 2 Research has demonstrated that smoking lowers birthweight and that there is an increased risk of infertility, with a strong dose-response relati~nship.~.~ A recent study of over 2,500 pregnancies found that smoking nearly doubled the risk of delayed c~nception.~ Smoking has been linked to a significantly increased risk of spontaneous abortion and secondary There is also strong evidence of an association between smoking and perinatal mortality."In contrast, associations reported between smoking and miscarriage have been somewhat incon~istent."*'~ An Italian case control study found a 40% increased risk of miscarriage among current smokers compared to never smokers, and the risk increased with the number of cigarettes smoked per day.l2,I3 A study of assisted fertility found that smokers produced fewer oocytes, had a pregnancy rate less than half that of non-smokers, and those smokers who became pregnant had an increased rate of mi~carriage.'~ However a large ultrasound study reported that early pregnancy loss is not associated with ~moking.'~ The inconsistent findings may be due to confounding by other exposures such as alcohol, cocaine, caffeine, or may reflect the lack of a true ass~ciation.'~~'~ There is also mounting evidence of an association between tobacco smoking and menstrual symptoms in young women, although again the evidence lacks consistency. A US study has reported that the relative risk of developing secondary amenorrhoea in adolescent women who smoked more than 20 cigarettes a day was 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.2 to 3.1) compared to non-smokers.20 In another US study, decreased duration of bleeding, increased daily amount of bleeding (subjectively scored) and increased duration of dysmenorrhoea was found among smokers aged 37-39 years, with increased duration of dysmenorrhoea being the most significant effect.21 A study of nearly 600 young Swedish women found that the prevalence and severity of dysmenorrhoea was significantly associated with cigarette smoking, and that this relationship was dose-related.22 Another study of 2181 young women in Britain found that regular smokers were significantly more likely than those who had never smoked to experience symptoms associated with menstruation such as pain, depression, irritability and cramps.23 However this evidence is often

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Section: Mishra Dobson and Schofieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking, menstrual symptoms and miscarriage among young women

Mishra

Dobson

Schofield³

2000

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…Women's depression has been variously associated with marital status (Harlow, Cohen, Otto, Spiegelman, & Cramer, 1999), education level (Malacara et al, 2002), health status (Heidrich, 1994;Woods & Mitchell, 1997), menopause stage (Bromberger et al, 2001), and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use (Li et al, 2002). Gallant and Derry (1995) generalized previous studies and claimed that observed increases in depression are associated with psychosocial factors such as previous history of depression and other health problems rather than with menopause status.…”

Section: Potential Factors Related To Menopause Depressionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Factors Related to Depression During Menopause

Tseng

Lin

et al. 2009

Journal of Nursing Research

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The purpose of this study was to survey the prevalence of women's depression during menopause and investigate the relationships between menopause depression and variables including self-concept, menopause attitudes, life-event stresses, climacteric physiological symptoms, and demographics. Research was conducted using a cross-sectional study and self-administered questionnaires. We randomly selected female participants between the ages of 45 and 55 years from Tainan City in southern Taiwan using the cluster method. Two hundred sixty-six valid questionnaires were analyzed. Results were as follows: (a) The prevalence of depression among participants was 31.2%; (b) depression was positively associated with life-event stresses and climacteric physiological symptoms (r =.23 and .34, respectively) and was negatively associated with attitude toward menopause and self-concept (r = -.31 and -.65, respectively); and (c) by logistic regression analyses, climacteric physiological symptoms and self-concept were associated with menopause depression. This preliminary survey suggests that low self-concept and increased climacteric physiological symptoms are closely related to depression among menopausal women. Larger scale follow-up studies are warranted to investigate factors that predispose women to depression during menopause.

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“…Explorations of women's physical health are increasingly sensitive to stereotypes of women's physical maladies as psychologically based (Goudsmit, 1994); of andocentric expectations about the onset, symptoms, and treatment of chronic illnesses (e.g., Shumaker & Smith, 1995); and of syndromes that pathologize common female experiences including menstruation (Caplan, 1995; Gallant & Derry, 1995), childbirth (Stanton & Danoff-Burg, 1995), abortion (Adler, David, Major, Roth, Russo, & Wyatt, 1990), and miscarriage (Madden, 1994). When gender is regarded more fully as a marker, not an explanatory cause of differences in women's and men's mental and physical health, researchers can begin to explore the impact of job-role quality and family experiences on health outcomes (Barnett, 1997).…”

Section: Generalizing the Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Gender Comparisons More Meaningful: A Call for More Attention to Social Context

Yoder

Kahn

2003

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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We challenge researchers to consider sex and gender as a marker for possible social contextual differences. Disappointed by both philosophical and empirical attempts to find coherence in research making gender comparisons, we selectively review studies showing both context-specific similarities between women and men where overall comparisons found differences as well as context-specific differences where general patterns of similarity existed. These examples cut across embedded levels of social context, ranging from those immediately proximal to the individual (interpersonal) to organizational and broad societal structures. They suggest that seemingly identical contexts can have sweepingly different impacts on women and men and that effective social interventions be gender-sensitive.Comparing women and men, girls and boys, is a preoccupation that intrigues everyone from laypeople to research psychologists. A cursory check of PsycINFO in November 2002 catalogues 34,232 articles, 12,168 dissertations, 2,034 chapters, and 333 books under "human sex differences" (the Thesaurus term) and written in English. The topic areas covered by these studies are virtually universal across the discipline.A fundamental problem with our fascination with gender comparisons is that our exploration stops too soon. The vast majority of researchers documenting sex or gender differences seems to accept their description of difference as an explanation in and of itself. This way of thinking implies that sex or gender is the cause and that differences are rooted within women and men, girls and boys; as such, gender differences are part of our essential psychological natures. The purposes of the present paper are to challenge researchers both to think beyond superficial descriptions of difference and to consider more often the impact of the social context in which these differences occur.Our call to look to the social context to understand gender differences in behavior is not unique or even new. Shields (1975) cited similar arguments by Mary Calkins in 1896 and Leta Stetter Hollingworth in 1914. Naomi Weisstein (1968) reiterated the argument over 30 years ago:

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Menarche, menstruation, and menopause: Psychosocial research and future directions.

Cited by 13 publications

References 92 publications

Cigarette smoking, menstrual symptoms and miscarriage among young women

Cigarette smoking, menstrual symptoms and miscarriage among young women

Factors Related to Depression During Menopause

Making Gender Comparisons More Meaningful: A Call for More Attention to Social Context

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