“…The smartphone accelerometers and gyros are MicroElectrical-Micro-Mechanical (MEMS) based sensors. Loosely speaking, the basic working principle of a MEMS accelerometer is described using a proof mass [4], [10]. Consider, a proof mass which is free to move with respect to the accelerometer case along the accelerometer's sensitive axis, restrained by springs.…”
Section: Smartphone Sensorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…MEMS gyros working principle can be described using a vibratory beam [4], [10]. Consider, a vibratory beam element that is driven to undergo simple harmonic motion.…”
“…The smartphone accelerometers and gyros are MicroElectrical-Micro-Mechanical (MEMS) based sensors. Loosely speaking, the basic working principle of a MEMS accelerometer is described using a proof mass [4], [10]. Consider, a proof mass which is free to move with respect to the accelerometer case along the accelerometer's sensitive axis, restrained by springs.…”
Section: Smartphone Sensorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…MEMS gyros working principle can be described using a vibratory beam [4], [10]. Consider, a vibratory beam element that is driven to undergo simple harmonic motion.…”
“…Gyroscope g-dependent error is when a gyroscope is sensitive to specific force. There are other higher-order errors such as sensor nonlinearity, about which there is more information in [1,15,16].…”
Section: Inertial Measurement Units and Their Errorsmentioning
“…Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology has enabled low-cost (albeit lowperformance) inertial sensors [48], while high-precision inertial sensing has been demonstrated in the laboratory using cold3 meters at any location with a very high reliability. No single positioning technology is capable of meeting the most demanding application requirements.…”
Abstract-The next generation of navigation and positioning systems must provide greater accuracy and reliability in a range of challenging environments to meet the needs of a variety of mission-critical applications. No single navigation technology is robust enough to meet these requirements on its own, so a multisensor solution is required. Although many new navigation and positioning methods have been developed in recent years, little has been done to bring them together into a robust, reliable, and cost-effective integrated system. To achieve this, four key challenges must be met: complexity, context, ambiguity, and environmental data handling. This paper addresses each of these challenges. It describes the problems, discusses possible approaches, and proposes a program of research and standardization activities to solve them. The discussion is illustrated with results from research into urban GNSS positioning, GNSS shadow matching, environmental feature matching, and context detection.
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