“…It is, as Zygmunt Bauman said, an understanding of culture as a 'spontaneous process that is free of administrative or executive centres'. 51 I therefore propose that culture be understood as an ensemble of cultural elements, signs, symbols and codes, with which individuals communicate with one another in a verbal and non-verbal context. In a fi gurative sense, culture can be understood as a communication space, as a space of 'multilayer and often contradictory social process(es), ... a dynamics of social relations', 52 wherein, through placing and rejection of elements, permanent life-worlds are constituted and at the same time balances of power are negotiated.…”