Memory indexing of sequential symptom processing in diagnostic reasoning

Jahn, Georg; Braatz, Janina

doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2013.11.002

Cited by 23 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…We are confident that the retention interval could be extended. Once the integrated representation of cues and locations is stored in long-term memory, it should induce gaze behavior based on reestablished spatial indices whenever it is activated (Jahn & Braatz, 2012). The results also suggest that it might be possible to present more than two reference frames concurrently and, thus, to study decision tasks that involve more than two alternatives.…”

Section: Memory Indexing As An Extension Of Looking At Nothingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Memory indexing: A novel method for tracing memory processes in complex cognitive tasks.

Renkewitz¹,

Jahn²

2012

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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We validate an eye-tracking method applicable for studying memory processes in complex cognitive tasks. The method is tested with a task on probabilistic inferences from memory. It provides valuable data on the time course of processing, thus clarifying previous results on heuristic probabilistic inference. Participants learned cue values of decision alternatives that were arranged within spatial frames. Later, they were told about the validities of cue dimensions and performed memory-based binary choice tasks: first, according to spontaneously adopted decision strategies and, subsequently, according to instructed decision strategies (a noncompensatory lexicographic strategy and a compensatory equal weighting strategy). During decision making, participants saw only the empty spatial frames without cue values. The spontaneously adopted and instructed decision strategies were reflected in discriminable gaze patterns on the empty spatial frames. When retrieving information no longer visible, participants tended to fixate on locations at which information was visible during the learning phase (the looking-at-nothing phenomenon). Gaze patterns were consistent with cue-wise and alternative-wise patterns of information search predicted for the instructed decision strategies as well as for the spontaneously adopted strategies identified based on decision outcomes. These findings extend previous results on the connection between memory and gaze. Furthermore, the successful application of memory indexing suggests its wider applicability in studying memory-based tasks.

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Section: Memory Indexing As An Extension Of Looking At Nothingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Memory indexing: A novel method for tracing memory processes in complex cognitive tasks.

Renkewitz¹,

Jahn²

2012

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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“…[123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130] Related concepts and antecedents directed at cues, 122,123,131 key features, 132 hypothesis testing [127][128][129]133 and statements made or a situation presented. 126,133,134 The consequence was a formed judgement 125,127,[135][136][137] and attributes included critical thinking, 122,134,136,[138][139][140][141][142][143] reflection, 141 weighing information, 132 flexibility in thinking. 142 There is recognition that human reasoning is error prone.…”

Section: [Hd2]synopses Of Clinical Reasoning By Disciplinementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Reasoning in Physical Therapy: A Concept Analysis

et al. 2018

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Background Physical therapy, along with most health professions, struggles to describe clinical reasoning, despite it being a vital skill in effective patient care. This lack of a unified conceptualization of clinical reasoning leads to variable and inconsistent teaching, assessment, and research. Objective The objective was to conceptualize a broad description of physical therapists’ clinical reasoning grounded in the published literature and to unify understanding for future work related to teaching, assessment, and research. Design/Methods The design included a systematic concept analysis using Rodgers’ evolutionary methodology. A concept analysis is a research methodology in which a concept's characteristics and the relation between features of the concept are clarified. Results Based on findings in the literature, clinical reasoning in physical therapy was conceptualized as integrating cognitive, psychomotor, and affective skills. It is contextual in nature and involves both therapist and client perspectives. It is adaptive, iterative, and collaborative with the intended outcome being a biopsychosocial approach to patient/client management. Limitations Although a comprehensive approach was intended, it is possible that the search methods or reduction of the literature were incomplete or key sources were mistakenly excluded. Conclusions A description of clinical reasoning in physical therapy was conceptualized, as it currently exists in representative literature. The intent is for it to contribute to the unification of an understanding of how clinical reasoning has been conceptualized to date by practitioners, academicians, and clinical educators. Substantial work remains to further develop the concept of clinical reasoning for physical therapy, including the role of movement in our reasoning in practice.

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“…For instance, participants who first encode an arrangement of objects and are later asked to recall aspects of that arrangement while looking at a blank screen will spontaneously execute eye movements "to nothing" on the blank screen, which largely correspond to the original object arrangement (e.g., Altman, 2004;Johansson & Johansson, 2014;Spivey & Geng, 2001). Research using such a blank-screen design has demonstrated that eye-movement patterns typical of various decision making strategies remain when decisionrelevant information is removed from the display and the decision is made strictly from memory (Jahn & Braatz, 2014;Renkewitz & Jahn, 2012;Scholz, von Helversen, & Rieskamp, 2015). In addition, compatibility of gaze positions between encoding and retrieval can increase the likelihood of successful remembering (Johansson & Johansson, 2014) and may trigger other associated memories (Platzer, Bröder, & Heck, 2014).…”

Section: Memory and Visually Available Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Information Availability Interacts with Visual Attention during Judgment and Decision Tasks

Pärnamets

Johansson

Gidlöf

et al. 2015

Behavioral Decision Making

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Decisions in front of a supermarket shelf probably involve a mix of visually available information and associated memories—and interactions between those two. Several cognitive processes, such as decision making, search, and various judgments, are therefore likely to co‐occur, and each process will influence visual attention. We conducted two eye‐tracking experiments capturing parts of these features by having participants make either judgments or decisions concerning products that had been previously encoded. Half the time, participants made their choices with full information about the available products and half the time with crucial task‐relevant information removed. By comparing participants' use of visual attention during decisions and search‐based and memory‐based judgments, we can better understand how visual attention is differently employed between tasks and how it depends on the visual environment. We found that participants' visual attention during decisions is sensitive to evaluations already made during encoding and strongly characterized by preferential looking to the options later to be chosen. When the task environment is rich enough, participants engage in advanced integrative visual behavior and improve their decision quality. In contrast, visual attention during judgments made on the same products reflects a search‐like behavior when all information is available and a more focused type of visual behavior when information is removed. Our findings contribute not only to the literature on how visual attention is used during decision making but also to methodological questions concerning how to measure and identify task‐specific features of visual attention in ecologically valid ways. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Memory indexing of sequential symptom processing in diagnostic reasoning

Cited by 23 publications

References 64 publications

Memory indexing: A novel method for tracing memory processes in complex cognitive tasks.

Memory indexing: A novel method for tracing memory processes in complex cognitive tasks.

Clinical Reasoning in Physical Therapy: A Concept Analysis

How Information Availability Interacts with Visual Attention during Judgment and Decision Tasks

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