How Information Availability Interacts with Visual Attention during Judgment and Decision Tasks

Pärnamets, Philip; Johansson, Roger; Gidlöf, Kerstin; Wallin, Annika

doi:10.1002/bdm.1902

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Clarifying aspects of brain circuitry by illustrating the complex interplay between vision and cognition, 62 eye movement measurements are actively performed in interdisciplinary laboratories that integrate contributions from psychology, neuroscience, economy, philosophy and computer science. A vast number of efficient and well‐grounded behavioral experimental paradigms have been generated regarding sincerity, 63 magic‐tricks, 64, 65 judgmental tasks, 66–71 moral dilemma, 72 reading, 73–76 visual search, 77–79 gambling, 80 daily‐life activities, 81–86 problem‐solving, 39, 87–89 learning 90 and discrete choice in clinical decision‐making 91 . Vision science becomes actively adopted in neuromarketing, aiming to reveal valuable information about consumers’ decisions, as well as answer the question of how to hack the consumer's internal ‘purchase button’ 92–96 …”

Section: Vision Science As a New Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent updates of eye movement abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia: A scoping review

Wolf

Ueda

Hirano

2021

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Aim Although eye‐tracking technology expands beyond capturing eye data just for the sole purpose of ensuring participants maintain their gaze at the presented fixation cross, gaze technology remains of less importance in clinical research. Recently, impairments in visual information encoding processes indexed by novel gaze metrics have been frequently reported in patients with schizophrenia. This work undertakes a scoping review of research on saccadic dysfunctions and exploratory eye movement deficits among patients with schizophrenia. It gathers promising pieces of evidence of eye movement abnormalities in attention‐demanding tasks on the schizophrenia spectrum that have mounted in recent years and their outcomes as potential biological markers. Methods The protocol was drafted based on PRISMA for scoping review guidelines. Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify articles published between 2010 and 2020 that examined visual processing in patients with schizophrenia and reported eye movement characteristics as potential biomarkers for this mental illness. Results The use of modern eye‐tracking instrumentation has been reported by numerous neuroscientific studies to successfully and non‐invasively improve the detection of visual information processing impairments among the screened population at risk of and identified with schizophrenia. Conclusions Eye‐tracking technology has the potential to contribute to the process of early intervention and more apparent separation of the diagnostic entities, being put together by the syndrome‐based approach to the diagnosis of schizophrenia. However, context‐processing paradigms should be conducted and reported in equally accessible publications to build comprehensive models.

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Section: Vision Science As a New Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent updates of eye movement abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia: A scoping review

Wolf

Ueda

Hirano

2021

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…Before consumers decide to purchase a food product, they normally look at the product they are going to purchase; thus, visual attention usually precedes the purchase decision [49,50,51,52]. Previous research has shown that visual attention influences food choice, in that the more visual attention a package or a certain label on a package receives, the more likely it is that this product will be chosen [44,51,52,53,54,55,56,57]. The eye movements, and consequently the visual attention to stimuli, can be measured with an eye tracking device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Buys Products with Nutrition and Health Claims? A Purchase Simulation with Eye Tracking on the Influence of Consumers’ Nutrition Knowledge and Health Motivation

2019

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Nutrition and health claims are seen as a way of promoting healthy aspects of food. However, the results of previous studies have been contradictory regarding the effect of these claims on purchase. This study aims to achieve a better understanding of how the consumer characteristics ‘nutrition knowledge’ and ‘health motivation’ influence the purchase of products with nutrition and health claims and what role gaze behavior plays. We included gaze behavior in our analysis, as visual attention on the claims is a precondition to its influence on the purchase decision. In a close-to-realistic shopping situation, consumers could choose from three-dimensional orange juice packages labeled with nutrition, health, and taste claims. In total, the sample consisted of 156 consumers. The data were analyzed with a structural equation model (SEM), linking the purchase decision for products with claims to gaze data recorded with a mobile eye tracker and consumer and product-related variables collected via the questionnaire. Results showed that the variables in the SEM explained 31% (8%) of the variance observed in the purchase of products with a nutrition (health) claim. The longer a consumer looked at a specific claim, the more likely the consumer would purchase the respective product. The lower the price and the higher the perceived healthiness and tastiness of the product further heightened its likelihood of being purchased. Interestingly, consumers with higher nutrition knowledge and/or higher health motivation looked longer at the nutrition and health claims; however, these consumer characteristics did not show an effect on the purchase decision. Implications for policy makers and marketers are given.

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“…Tracking the gaze provides a moment-by-moment assessment of thought processes in a wide variety of contexts ( Shepherd et al, 1986 ; Liversedge and Findlay, 2000 ; Theeuwes et al, 2009 ; Tatler et al, 2010 ; Bulling et al, 2011 ). Visual behavior is tightly linked to learning ( Heisz and Shore, 2008 ), associative memory ( Hannula and Ranganath, 2009 ), saliency determination ( Henderson, 2003 ), judgment tasks concerning products ( Pärnamets et al, 2016 ), decision-making under uncertainty ( Zommara et al, 2018 ), and moral dilemma problem solving ( Pärnamets et al, 2015 ). Particularly gaze duration, or viewing time, appears to be a useful index of the extent of information processing (see Lauwereyns, 2012 , for a comprehensive review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluative Processing of Food Images: A Conditional Role for Viewing in Preference Formation

et al. 2018

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Previous research suggested a role of gaze in preference formation, not merely as an expression of preference, but also as a causal influence. According to the gaze cascade hypothesis, the longer subjects look at an item, the more likely they are to develop a preference for it. However, to date the connection between viewing and liking has been investigated predominately with self-paced viewing conditions in which the subjects were required to select certain items from simultaneously presented stimuli on the basis of perceived visual attractiveness. Such conditions might promote a default, but non-mandatory connection between viewing and liking. To explore whether the connection is separable, we examined the evaluative processing of single naturalistic food images in a 2 × 2 design, conducted completely within subjects, in which we varied both the type of exposure (self-paced versus time-controlled) and the type of evaluation (non-exclusive versus exclusive). In the self-paced exclusive evaluation, longer viewing was associated with a higher likelihood of a positive evaluation. However, in the self-paced non-exclusive evaluation, the trend reversed such that longer viewing durations were associated with lesser ratings. Furthermore, in the time-controlled tasks, both with non-exclusive and exclusive evaluation, there was no significant relationship between the viewing duration and the evaluation. The overall pattern of results was consistent for viewing times measured in terms of exposure duration (i.e., the duration of stimulus presentation on the screen) and in terms of actual gaze duration (i.e., the amount of time the subject effectively gazed at the stimulus on the screen). The data indicated that viewing does not intrinsically lead to a higher evaluation when evaluating single food images; instead, the relationship between viewing duration and evaluation depends on the type of task. We suggest that self-determination of exposure duration may be a prerequisite for any influence from viewing time on evaluative processing, regardless of whether the influence is facilitative. Moreover, the purported facilitative link between viewing and liking appears to be limited to exclusive evaluation, when only a restricted number of items can be included in a chosen set.

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How Information Availability Interacts with Visual Attention during Judgment and Decision Tasks

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Recent updates of eye movement abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia: A scoping review

Recent updates of eye movement abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia: A scoping review

Who Buys Products with Nutrition and Health Claims? A Purchase Simulation with Eye Tracking on the Influence of Consumers’ Nutrition Knowledge and Health Motivation

Evaluative Processing of Food Images: A Conditional Role for Viewing in Preference Formation

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