Memory Consolidation

Squire, Larry R.; Genzel, Lisa; Wixted, John T.; Morris, Richard

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a021766

Cited by 507 publications

(428 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…Together, these findings suggest that correctly timed exercise holds promise as a memory intervention. van Persistent long-term memory depends on successful stabilization and integration of new memories after initial encoding [1,2]. This consolidation process is thought to require neuromodulatory factors such as dopamine, noradrenaline, and brainderived neurotrophic factor [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: In Briefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Exercise Performed Four Hours after Learning Improves Memory Retention and Increases Hippocampal Pattern Similarity during Retrieval

et al. 2016

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Persistent long-term memory depends on successful stabilization and integration of new memories after initial encoding [1, 2]. This consolidation process is thought to require neuromodulatory factors such as dopamine, noradrenaline, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor [3-7]. Without the release of such factors around the time of encoding, memories will decay rapidly [3, 5, 6, 8]. Recent studies have shown that physical exercise acutely stimulates the release of several consolidation-promoting factors in humans [9-14], raising the question of whether physical exercise can be used to improve memory retention [15-17]. Here, we used a single session of physical exercise after learning to exogenously boost memory consolidation and thus long-term memory. Three groups of randomly assigned participants first encoded a set of picture-location associations. Afterward, one group performed exercise immediately, one 4 hr later, and the third did not perform any exercise. Participants otherwise underwent exactly the same procedures to control for potential experimental confounds. Forty-eight hours later, participants returned for a cued-recall test in a magnetic resonance scanner. With this design, we could investigate the impact of acute exercise on memory consolidation and retrieval-related neural processing. We found that performing exercise 4 hr, but not immediately, after encoding improved the retention of picture-location associations compared to the no-exercise control group. Moreover, performing exercise after a delay was associated with increased hippocampal pattern similarity for correct responses during delayed retrieval. Our results suggest that appropriately timed physical exercise can improve long-term memory and highlight the potential of exercise as an intervention in educational and clinical settings.

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Section: In Briefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Exercise Performed Four Hours after Learning Improves Memory Retention and Increases Hippocampal Pattern Similarity during Retrieval

et al. 2016

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“…Using closed-loop optogenetic silencing of principal neurons, we then determined whether selective disruption of SWR reactivation during sleep/rest alters the future reinstatement of these patterns. Importantly, to test whether such a role of reactivation would be time limited, which is a defining criterion for a consolidation process (Dudai, 2004, Squire et al., 2015), we also detected, tracked, and SWR-silenced assembly patterns of a familiar environment. In doing so, we found that SWR reactivation is only required for the context-dependent reinstatement of hippocampal co-activation patterns representing a novel environment, and further discovered that the strengthening dynamic of new patterns during the initial encoding is predictive of their dependency on offline reactivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal Offline Reactivation Consolidates Recently Formed Cell Assembly Patterns during Sharp Wave-Ripples

Ven

Trouche

McNamara

et al. 2016

Neuron

250

280

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SummaryThe ability to reinstate neuronal assemblies representing mnemonic information is thought to require their consolidation through offline reactivation during sleep/rest. To test this, we detected cell assembly patterns formed by repeated neuronal co-activations in the mouse hippocampus during exploration of spatial environments. We found that the reinstatement of assembly patterns representing a novel, but not a familiar, environment correlated with their offline reactivation and was impaired by closed-loop optogenetic disruption of sharp wave-ripple oscillations. Moreover, we discovered that reactivation was only required for the reinstatement of assembly patterns whose expression was gradually strengthened during encoding of a novel place. The context-dependent reinstatement of assembly patterns whose expression did not gain in strength beyond the first few minutes of spatial encoding was not dependent on reactivation. This demonstrates that the hippocampus can hold concurrent representations of space that markedly differ in their encoding dynamics and their dependence on offline reactivation for consolidation.Video Abstract

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“…al, 2008). Subsequently, systems consolidation takes place over days to weeks, or even years, during which information becomes gradually reorganized via connections to the neocortex establishing novel neocortical-hippocampal networks (Squire, Genzel, Wixted, & Morris, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance on a 1-week delayed recall task is associated with medial temporal lobe structures in neurologically normal older adults

Saloner

Casaletto

Marx

et al. 2017

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Objective Traditional episodic memory tests employ a delayed recall length ranging from 10-30 minutes. The neurobiological process of memory consolidation extends well beyond these time intervals, however, raising the possibility that these tests might not be fully sensitive to the subtle neurocognitive changes found in early disease or age-related decline. We aimed to determine the sensitivity of a 1-week delayed recall paradigm to medial temporal lobe (MTL) structure among neurologically normal older adults. Methods 140 functionally intact, older adults (mean age=75.8) completed a story recall test in which participants learned to 90% criterion. Recall was tested after 30-minutes and 1-week. Participants also completed a standardized list learning task with a 20-minute delay and a structural brain MRI. The medial temporal lobe (MTL), including the parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, and entorhinal, was our primary region of interest. Results Controlling for age, education, gender and total intracranial volume, the standard 20- and 30-minute recalls showed no significant relationship with MTL. In contrast, 1-week recall was uniquely associated with MTL structure (partial r=0.24, p=0.006), specifically entorhinal (partial r=0.27; p=0.001) and hippocampal (partial r=0.21, p=0.02) volumes. Conclusion Memory paradigms that utilize 1-week delays are more sensitive than standard paradigms to MTL volumes in neurologically normal older adults. Longer delay periods may improve detection of memory consolidation abilities associated with age-related, and potentially pathological, neurobehavioral change.

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Memory Consolidation

Cited by 507 publications

References 138 publications

Physical Exercise Performed Four Hours after Learning Improves Memory Retention and Increases Hippocampal Pattern Similarity during Retrieval

Physical Exercise Performed Four Hours after Learning Improves Memory Retention and Increases Hippocampal Pattern Similarity during Retrieval

Hippocampal Offline Reactivation Consolidates Recently Formed Cell Assembly Patterns during Sharp Wave-Ripples

Performance on a 1-week delayed recall task is associated with medial temporal lobe structures in neurologically normal older adults

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