Memory Bias for Emotional Information in Children and Adolescents with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Moradi, Alireza; Taghavi, Reza; Doost, Hamid Taher Neshat; Yule, William; Dalgleish, Tim

doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(00)00037-2

Cited by 96 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Our regressions revealed no significant memory differences between maltreated and nonmaltreated participants, or participants with higher (rather than lower) levels of trauma-related psychopathology, for negative event information. Research has indicated that children and adolescents with trauma histories may have heightened attention to negative stimuli, and perhaps even advanced emotional understanding of negative information (Frankenhuis & de Weerth, 2013;Moradi et al, 2000). Although our results do not fully support this theory, one possible explanation for our findings concerns the type of emotional content in the negative stimulus.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…Beers and De Bellis (2002) also did not obtain significant differences while examining memory and learning performance in adolescents with and without PTSD diagnoses. However, Moradi, Taghavi, Neshat-Doost, Yule, and Dalgleish (2000) found that adolescents with PTSD performed significantly worse than typically developing adolescents on an everyday memory task. Of interest, adolescents with PTSD showed a bias for recalling negative information, above positive and neutral information.…”

Section: Psychopathology Maltreatment and Memorymentioning

confidence: 96%

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Child Maltreatment, Trauma‐Related Psychopathology, and Eyewitness Memory in Children and Adolescents

McWilliams

Harris

Goodman

2014

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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Two experiments were conducted to examine eyewitness memory in children and adolescents (9- to 15-years-old) with and without known histories of maltreatment (e.g., physical abuse, exposure to domestic violence). In Experiment 1, participants (N = 35) viewed a positive film clip depicting a congenial interaction between family members. In Experiment 2, participants (N = 31) watched a negative film clip in which a family argument was shown. Younger age and higher levels of trauma-related psychopathology significantly predicted commission errors to direct questions when the positive family interaction had been viewed, but not when the negative family interaction had been shown. Maltreatment history was not a significant unique predictor of memory performance for the positive or negative film clip. Implications for a scientific understanding of the effects of child maltreatment on memory are discussed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Section: Psychopathology Maltreatment and Memorymentioning

confidence: 96%

Child Maltreatment, Trauma‐Related Psychopathology, and Eyewitness Memory in Children and Adolescents

McWilliams

Harris

Goodman

2014

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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“…Several studies have found increased implicit and explicit emotional memory functions in patients with PTSD (17)(18)(19), but also the opposite has been reported (20). It is important to note that data on memory performance acquired in patients with PTSD are difficult to interpret, because changes in mood, motivation, attention, or arousal can indirectly affect memory performance in both directions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

PKCα is genetically linked to memory capacity in healthy subjects and to risk for posttraumatic stress disorder in genocide survivors

Quervain

Kolassa

Ackermann

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Strong memory of a traumatic event is thought to contribute to the development and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Therefore, a genetic predisposition to build strong memories could lead to increased risk for PTSD after a traumatic event.Here we show that genetic variability of the gene encoding PKCα (PRKCA) was associated with memory capacity-including aversive memory-in nontraumatized subjects of European descent. This finding was replicated in an independent sample of nontraumatized subjects, who additionally underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). fMRI analysis revealed PRKCA genotype-dependent brain activation differences during successful encoding of aversive information. Further, the identified genetic variant was also related to traumatic memory and to the risk for PTSD in heavily traumatized survivors of the Rwandan genocide. Our results indicate a role for PKCα in memory and suggest a genetic link between memory and the risk for PTSD.emotion | trauma | single nucleotide polymorphism E motional experiences are typically well remembered, but there is a large, partly genetically controlled, variability for this phenomenon (1). On the one hand, enhanced memory for emotionally arousing events can be seen as an adaptive mechanism, which helps us to remember important information (2). On the other hand, strong memory of an extremely aversive event may contribute to the development and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (3-6). In a previous study we reported that a deletion variant of the ADRA2B gene was significantly associated with emotional memory in healthy humans and with traumatic memory in a traumatized population, but not significantly with the risk for PTSD (1). Thus, so far, there is no evidence indicating that genetic factors that predispose individuals to build strong aversive memories could also be risk factors for PTSD.Considerable evidence suggests that protein kinases, in particular protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), play an important role in the formation of emotional memory in animals (7,8). To study whether the genes encoding these protein kinases are also related with human emotional memory, we applied a behavioral genetics approach and captured the variability of these genes with 2,005 singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (Methods and SI Appendix).The 2,005 selected SNPs were analyzed in an initial sample of 723 young healthy Swiss adults (476 females, 247 males; median age, 22 y; range, 18-35 y), who underwent memory testing. Subjects were presented 24 neutral, 24 positive, and 24 negative photographs in a random order. The photographs were taken from the international affective picture system (IAPS) (9) and presented for 2.5 s each. Immediately following the presentation of each photograph, subjects were asked to rate it for valence and arousal using the IAPS rating scales. After a delay of 10 min, during which subjects performe...

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“…Although both the dot-probe task and the Stroop task have been used to measure threat-related attentional bias, reliability across these tasks has not been established. In an attempt to compare these tasks, Dalgleish et al (2003) combined and analyzed data from previous studies assessing attentional bias and memory bias in AD and NAD youth (Dalgleish et al, , 2001Moradi et al, 1999Moradi et al, , 2000, 1999aTaghavi et al, 1999Taghavi et al, , 2003. Their sample included 7-18-year-old youth suffering from GAD (n = 24), PTSD (n = 24), or major depressive disorder or dysthymia (n = 19), as well as controls with no history of psychiatric disorder (n = 26).…”

Section: Studies Using the Dot-probe Detection Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threat-Related Attentional Bias in Anxious Youth: A Review

Puliafico

Kendall

2006

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

153

103

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The research literature suggests that children and adolescents suffering from anxiety disorders experience cognitive distortions that magnify their perceived level of threat in the environment. Of these distortions, an attentional bias toward threat-related information has received the most theoretical and empirical consideration. A large volume of research suggests that anxiety-disordered youth selectively allocate their attention toward threat-related information. The present review critically examines this research and highlights several issues relevant to the study of threat-related attentional bias in youth, including the influences of temperament, trait anxiety, and state anxiety on threat-related attentional bias. It furthermore identifies the need for developmental and methodological considerations and recommends directions for research.

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Memory Bias for Emotional Information in Children and Adolescents with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Cited by 96 publications

References 21 publications

Child Maltreatment, Trauma‐Related Psychopathology, and Eyewitness Memory in Children and Adolescents

Child Maltreatment, Trauma‐Related Psychopathology, and Eyewitness Memory in Children and Adolescents

PKCα is genetically linked to memory capacity in healthy subjects and to risk for posttraumatic stress disorder in genocide survivors

Threat-Related Attentional Bias in Anxious Youth: A Review

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