Memory and time: Backward and forward telescoping in Alzheimer’s disease

Haj, Mohamad El; Janssen, Steve M. J.; Antoine, Pascal

doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2017.06.005

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Secondly, we chose to include non-prospective studies, the results of which might be influenced by recall bias, especially in populations of patients with cognitive impairment. Indeed, it has been shown that cognitively impaired patients are more likely to forget about events and have timing bias [82]. Thirdly, some of the analyses were only univariate, which again makes it difficult to compare study results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nebulous Association between Cognitive Impairment and Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Leroy

Martinet

Nunkessore³

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Background: In older people, dementia is a well-established risk factor for falls. However, the association and the causal relationship between falls and the earlier stages of cognitive impairment remains unclear. The purpose of the study was to review the literature data on the association between falls and cognitive impairment, no dementia, including Mild Cognitive Impairment. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, we searched five electronic databases (EMBASE, Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, and PsychINFO) for articles published between January 2011 and August 2022 on observational studies of older people with a cognitive assessment and/or cognitive impairment diagnosis and a recording of falls. Their quality was reviewed according to the STROBE checklist. Results: We selected 42 of the 4934 initially retrieved publications. In 24 retrospective studies, a statistically significant association between falls and cognitive status was found in only 15 of the 32 comparisons (47%). Of the 27 cross-sectional analyses in prospective studies, only eight (30%) were positive and significant. We counted four longitudinal analyses, half of which suggested a causal relationship between falls and cognitive impairment. The investigational methods varied markedly from one study to another. Conclusion: It is still not clear whether falls are associated with cognitive impairment, no dementia. Data in favor of a causal relationship are scarce. Further studies are needed to clarify their relationship.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nebulous Association between Cognitive Impairment and Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Leroy

Martinet

Nunkessore³

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…(Brand et al, 2003;Espinosa et al, 2009). A substantial body of work has also demonstrated semantic memory problems in AD when it comes to dating public events (e.g., the fall of the Berlin Wall) (e.g., El Haj et al, 2017;Muller et al, 2014;Sagar et al, 1988). We therefore expected AD patients to provide age estimates that were less consistent with cultural norms than those provided by healthy controls.…”

Section: Research Questions and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Deficient semantic knowledge of the life course—Examining the cultural life script in Alzheimer’s disease

Rasmussen

Berntsen

2021

Mem Cogn

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Cultural life scripts are culturally transmitted semantic knowledge of the expected order and timing of major transitional events in a prototypical life course. This cognitive schema has been shown to serve as an important mnemonic template that guides retrieval from autobiographical memory, especially for positive and important life events. Autobiographical memory deficits are one of the earliest and most prominent symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no studies have examined cultural life scripts in patients with AD, despite semantic memory impairments being reported even in the early stages of the disease. The aim of the present work was to assess life-script knowledge in older adults diagnosed with AD, particularly in terms of knowledge for the content of life-script events and the timing and temporal order of these events. Twenty-one older adults diagnosed with AD and 22 healthy age-matched controls completed the standard life-script task (Berntsen & Rubin, 2004, Memory & Cognition, 32[3], 427-442). We found that while AD patients produced significantly fewer life-script events, the content of the generated events were quite consistent with those of the controls and the cultural norms. AD patients were particular impaired with regard to the normative timing and order of life-script events, suggesting that these components of the cultural life script are more vulnerable to cognitive decline. The findings are discussed in relation to impaired script knowledge and semantic memory deficits in AD.

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“…researchers investigating the passage of time. Telescoping happens in two directions: While forward telescoping describes the tendency of dating past events too close to the present, backward telescoping describes the opposite effect, that is, dating past events too far to the past (e.g., El Haj et al, 2017). Forward telescoping has been shown to happen in particular for events from the remote past, while there is an overall tendency of backward telescoping for recent events (Thompson et al, 1988;Janssen et al, 2006;El Haj et al, 2017).…”

Section: Telescopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Telescoping happens in two directions: While forward telescoping describes the tendency of dating past events too close to the present, backward telescoping describes the opposite effect, that is, dating past events too far to the past (e.g., El Haj et al, 2017). Forward telescoping has been shown to happen in particular for events from the remote past, while there is an overall tendency of backward telescoping for recent events (Thompson et al, 1988;Janssen et al, 2006;El Haj et al, 2017). The latter has also been discussed as time expansion (see Figure 3), emphasizing that this dating error potentially has impact on the experience of time: Crawley and Pring (2000) found that older people generally date events farther to the past than younger people.…”

Section: Telescopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Passage of Years: Not a Matter of Covert Retrieval of Autobiographical Memories

Kosak

Hilbert

2021

Front. Psychol.

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In current research, variations in retrospective passage of time judgments for long intervals are commonly attributed to differences regarding the number of experiences in these intervals or the accessibility of the respective memories. This seems to imply the assumption of a covert retrieval, where authors presume that memories from the respective interval influence the experience of time without these memories being explicitly activated when judging. However, no studies have systematically investigated the relation between the experience of time and the respective experiences and memories. To this end, we analyzed data from three studies in which participants judged the passage of the last 5 years either before being asked to select outstanding life events from a list (Studies 1a and b; N = 293 and 263) or before recalling as many meaningful personal memories as were spontaneously accessible (Study 2; N = 262). Despite applying a statistically powerful trial-by-trial mixed-effects modeling approach, neither in the separate datasets nor in the combined dataset, passage of time judgments were predicted by the number of reported events or memories. This suggests that people's spontaneous judgments of the passage of multiannual intervals are not necessarily affected by a covert retrieval of memories from the respective period.

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Memory and time: Backward and forward telescoping in Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 7 publications

References 71 publications

The Nebulous Association between Cognitive Impairment and Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature

The Nebulous Association between Cognitive Impairment and Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Deficient semantic knowledge of the life course—Examining the cultural life script in Alzheimer’s disease

The Passage of Years: Not a Matter of Covert Retrieval of Autobiographical Memories

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