CD8+ T-cell memory phenotype and function are acquired after antigen-driven activation. Memory-like cells may also arise in absence of antigenic exposure in the thymus or in the periphery. Eomesodermin (Eomes) is a key transcription factor for the development of these unconventional memory cells. Herein, we show that type I interferon signalling in CD8+ T cells directly activates Eomes gene expression. Consistent with this observation, the phenotype, function and age-dependent expansion of ‘virtual memory' CD8+ T cells are strongly affected in absence of type I interferon signalling. In addition, type I interferons induce a sustained expansion of ‘virtual memory' CD8+ T cells in an Eomes-dependent fashion. We further show that the development of ‘innate thymic' CD8+ T cells is dependent on the same pathway. In conclusion, we demonstrate that type I interferon signalling in CD8+ T cells drives Eomes expression and thereby regulates the function and homeostasis of memory-like CD8+ T cells.
Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3 plays a key role in innate responses against viruses. Indeed, activation of this transcription factor triggers the expression of type I interferons and downstream interferon-stimulated genes in infected cells. Recent evidences indicate that this pathway also modulates adaptive immune responses. This review focuses on the different mechanisms that are implicated in this process. We discuss the role of IRF3 within antigen-presenting cells and T lymphocytes in the polarization of the cellular immune response and its implication in the pathogenesis of immune disorders.
HIV-infected patients who are in good general condition and who are matched to a control group present a similar ovarian response to stimulation, suggesting the existence of a similar ovarian reserve.
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