Memory and organizational strategies in chronic and acute schizophrenic patients

Chan, Agnes S.; Kwok, Isaac C; Chiu, Helen F. K.; Lam, Linda C.W.; Pang, Alan Lap‐Yin; Chow, Lok Yee

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00078-x

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Thus, orientation to the verbal relatedness of the word-scene pairs significantly improved subsequent recall of the words in both groups. This finding is in line with previous studies of EM in schizophrenia that have reported memory improvement following orientation to beneficial encoding conditions (Bonner-Jackson et al, 2005;Chan et al, 2000;Gold, Randolph, Carpenter, Goldberg, & Weinberger, 1992;Koh & Peterson, 1978;McClain, 1983;Paul et al, 2005;Ragland et al, 2003Ragland et al, , 2006. Such findings have been attributed to an enhancement of strategic memory processes through the manipulation of encoding conditions, as individuals with schizophrenia typically show deficits in generating and applying effective encoding and organizational strategies (Brebion et al, 1997;Brebion, David, Jones, Pilowsky, 2004;Hutton et al, 1998;Iddon et al, 1998;Russell, Bannatyne, & Smith, 1975;Russell & Beekhuis, 1976;Traupmann, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Strategic Manipulations for Associative Memory and the Role of Verbal Processing Abilities in Schizophrenia

Bonner‐Jackson

Deanna

2011

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrate episodic memory (EM) deficits and abnormal EM-related brain activity. Experimental encoding manipulations significantly benefit memory performance in schizophrenia, suggesting that a strategic processing deficit may contribute to memory impairment. However, few studies have investigated the combined effects of encoding and retrieval strategies on EM in schizophrenia. The current study examined the impact of encoding and retrieval strategies on associative memory and brain activity in schizophrenia. We also assessed the role of verbal processing ability in response to strategic memory interventions in schizophrenia. Behavioral and functional neuroimaging data were collected from 23 participants with schizophrenia and 24 comparison subjects while performing associative memory encoding and recall tasks. Behaviorally, both schizophrenia participants and controls benefited from memory strategies and showed significant associations between verbal processing ability and recall. Additionally, among schizophrenia participants, encoding strategy use was associated with enhanced brain activity in multiple brain areas. Schizophrenia participants also demonstrated significant associations between verbal processing ability and encodingrelated brain activity in prefrontal cortex. Findings suggest that memory performance and brain activity in schizophrenia can be enhanced via strategic manipulations, and individual differences in cognitive abilities in schizophrenia can affect behavioral and neurobiological responses to strategic memory interventions. (JINS, 2011, 17, 796-806)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Strategic Manipulations for Associative Memory and the Role of Verbal Processing Abilities in Schizophrenia

Bonner‐Jackson

Deanna

2011

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…Deficits in abstraction, problem solving, and attention as well as verbal and visual memory are well established in the literature and have been viewed as hallmarks of schizophrenia (Brebion et al, 1997;Censits et al, 1997;Chan et al, 2000;Gold et al, 1992;Saykin et al, 1991Saykin et al, , 1994. Given the importance of memory and executive functions noted in previous research as well as the present findings of a unique and defining relationship between memory and attention/abstraction in the two moderate clusters, these constructs were examined in greater detail.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Therefore, the impact of attention, memory, and other areas of known dysfunction in schizophrenia are not fully understood. Previous (Brebion, Amador, Smith, & Gorman, 1997;Censits, Ragland, Gur, & Gur, 1997;Chan et al, 2000; Gold, Randolph, Carpenter, Goldberg, & Weinberger, 1992;Ragland et al, 2001;Saykin et al, 1991Saykin et al, , 1994. When investigating cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia, these findings demonstrate the need to consider broad neurocognitive domains simultaneously, specifically executive and memory functions.…”

Section: Nih Public Accessmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Analysis of co-variance was inappropriate for age of onset and delusions due to nonparallel regression lines. Thus, post hoc comparisons of the one-way ANOVAs indicated that the mildly impaired cluster (II) had a later illness onset compared to cluster IV (stronger memory than abstraction /attention performance) II was also rated as having significantly more delusions than patients in cluster III with greater executive than visual-spatial memory performance, F(3, 144) = 3.14, p < .05.Deficits in abstraction, problem solving, and attention as well as verbal and visual memory are well established in the literature and have been viewed as hallmarks of schizophrenia (Brebion et al, 1997;Censits et al, 1997;Chan et al, 2000;Gold et al, 1992;Saykin et al, 1991Saykin et al, , 1994. Given the importance of memory and executive functions noted in previous research as well as the present findings of a unique and defining relationship between memory and attention/abstraction in the two moderate clusters, these constructs were examined in greater detail.…”

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confidence: 95%

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Neuropsychological Profiles Delineate Distinct Profiles of Schizophrenia, an Interaction Between Memory and Executive Function, and Uneven Distribution of Clinical Subtypes

Hill¹,

Ragland²,

Gur³

et al. 2002

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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Neuropsychological performance in 151 patients with schizophrenia was examined using cluster analysis to identify neurocognitive subtypes. Hierarchical and iterative partitioning methods identified four clusters using an extended neuropsychological battery. Consistent with previous findings two extreme clusters were characterized by near normative performance and profound global dysfunction, respectively. The two remaining neurocognitive clusters displayed moderatesevere dysfunction and were differentiated by unique patterns of abstraction and flexibility, attention, spatial memory, and sensory-perception. Analysis of variance revealed an interaction between global memory and executive function for clusters III and IV. Although limited cluster differences were found relative to clinical and historical data, the distribution of previously defined clinical subtypes was uneven among neurocognitive clusters. Paranoid patients were significantly more likely to be classified into cluster II and disproportionately absent from clusters I and IV. Patients with negative and disorganized clinical subtypes comprised a disproportionate component of clusters I and IV but were less likely to be classified in cluster II. This suggests greater correspondence than previously postulated between systems responsible for clinical symptomatology and those moderating neurocognitive dysfunction.Heterogeneity of schizophrenia has long been an area of theoretical and empirical inquiry. Numerous attempts have been made to classify the disorder into meaningful subtypes. Several classification systems based on clinical symptomatology have been proposed with the goal of identifying distinct etiology. Despite advances in subtyping and understanding clinical and cognitive symptomatology, heterogeneity in schizophrenia remains troublesome for investigators. Kraepelin (1925) and Bleuler (1952) initially suggested four subtypes including simple, catatonic, hebephrenic, and paranoid. Subsequent clinical classification systems focused on paranoid/nonparanoid, deficit/nondeficit, and positive/negative (Bilder, Mukherjee, Rieder, & Pandurangi, 1985;Carpenter, Bartko, Carpenter, & Strauss, 1976;Liddle, 1987) and a recent meta-analysis found three subtypes to be the most stable (positive, negative, and disorganized;Grube, Bilder, & Goldman, 1998). However, classification systems based on clinical phenomenology have been criticized on both methodological and theoretical grounds (Andreasen, Flaum, Schultz, Duyurek, & Miller, 1997;Goldberg & Weinberger, 1995). Specific criticisms included instability of clinical classification over time, reliance on self-report measures, and use of rating scales that require subjective interpretation. Moreover, growing understanding of schizophrenia as a neurocognitive disorder has focused attention on neural system involvement. One difficulty with subtypes based on clinical phenomenology is the difficulty relating symptoms directly to neural mechanisms. NIH Public AccessStudies of the relationship between clinic...

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“…Brébion et al (1997) compared recall of two types of word lists, random and unblocked, and obtained similar results. A study comparing blocked versus unblocked recall established that the beneficial effect of blocking was the same for acutely ill and chronically ill patients (Chan et al 2000). Finally, Iddon et al (1998) examined verbal list learning as part of a larger test battery before, during, and after training sessions where patients were instructed in semantic organizational strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels-of-processing effect on word recognition in schizophrenia

Ragland

Moelter

McGrath

et al. 2003

Biological Psychiatry

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Background-Individuals with schizophrenia have difficulty organizing words semantically to facilitate encoding. This is commonly attributed to organizational rather than semantic processing limitations. By requiring participants to classify and encode words on either a shallow (e.g., uppercase/lowercase) or deep level (e.g., concrete/abstract), the levels-of-processing paradigm eliminates the need to generate organizational strategies.

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Memory and organizational strategies in chronic and acute schizophrenic patients

Cited by 49 publications

References 37 publications

Strategic Manipulations for Associative Memory and the Role of Verbal Processing Abilities in Schizophrenia

Strategic Manipulations for Associative Memory and the Role of Verbal Processing Abilities in Schizophrenia

Neuropsychological Profiles Delineate Distinct Profiles of Schizophrenia, an Interaction Between Memory and Executive Function, and Uneven Distribution of Clinical Subtypes

Levels-of-processing effect on word recognition in schizophrenia

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