Memoria und Memorialüberlieferung im früheren Mittelalter

4. Dead Ringers: Cardinals and their Effigies, 1400–1520

“…In Catholic culture, the sense of sight is particularly close to memory. 12 In the papal court, its members, past and present, witnessed to a great deal more than their individual existence. If the deceased were to be forgotten, they suffered a fate of being lost forever in limbo or purgatory.…”

Pious Memories

“…79 Le Goff 1984, 285. 80 De Voragine 1993 The seminal studies on memoria are Oexle 1976, and Schmid & Wollasch 1984; see also Bossy 1985, 26- 2007, 9-10. 82 Oexle 1984, 394, quoting the sociologist Marcel Mauss.…”

The Old Saxon Heliand: Memoria as Cultural Transfer

“…50 The aural reception of the text in the monastery and the process of writing are seen as a religious Christian service and as imitatio, so that a visualization of the message of salvation is made 48 See Hofmann,Die Versstrukturen,38. 49 See Haferland,Mündlichkeit,[59][60] 50 See Assmann and Assmann, "Nachwort," in A. Assmann et al,eds.,Schrift und Gedächtnis,270. possible.…”

“…Oexle characterizes prayer both as an expression of the community spirit of a group, constituted by remembrance, and as a present or gift of members of a community to other members. 59 Giving and taking not only formed a basic element of the Christian congregation but also produced social ties in the relatively unstructured world of the early Middle Ages. The creation of these social bonds began in the early Middle Ages through the establishment of monasteries.…”

“…These brother hoods had an obligation to pray for the living, the sick, and the dead of each community. 60 As the aspect of remembrance within the brotherhood was linked to the aim of overcoming earthly existence, there was a great fear of prayer ceasing, so that those contacts had to be constantly kept alive. 61 Since the time of the Church Fathers such as Augustine and Gregory the Great, it was believed that the souls of the dead could be brought to their purification by prayer and intercession.…”