Membrane separation processes for enrichment of bovine and caprine milk oligosaccharides from dairy byproducts

Abstract

Breast milk is an ideal source of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) for isolation and purification. However, breast milk is not for sale and at most is distributed to neonatal intensive care units as donor milk. To overcome this limitation, isolating HMOs analogs including bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs) and caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMOs) from other sources is timely and significant. Advances in the development of equipment and analytical methods have revealed that dairy processing byproducts are good sources of BMOs and CMOs. Enrichment of these oligosaccharides from dairy byproducts, such as whey, permeate, and mother liquor, is of increasing academic and economic value. The commonly employed approach for oligosaccharides purification is chromatographic technique, but it is only used at lab scale. In the dairy industry, chromatographic methods (large‐scale ion exchange, 10,000 L size) are currently routinely used for the isolation/purification of milk proteins (e.g., lactoferrin). In contrast, membrane technology has been proven to be a suitable approach for the isolation and purification of BMOs and CMOs from dairy byproducts. Therefore, this review simply introduces BMOs and CMOs in dairy processing byproducts. This review also summarizes membrane separation processes for isolating and purifying BMOs and CMOs from different dairy byproducts. Finally, the technological challenges and solutions of each processing strategy are discussed in detail.

High Sugar Production from Hydrolysate of Pineapple Residues via Integrated Enzyme‐Membrane System

“…Charge repulsion between NF270 membrane and sugars increased with pH. Previous studies claim that a higher pH value increases the net negative charge of the polysulfone membrane, which leads to higher electrostatic repulsion forces between sugars which behave as weak acids 45 and the membrane, thereby increasing the retention of sugars 46–48. A high pH value is a better choice for the purification of sugars 48.…”

“…Previous studies claim that a higher pH value increases the net negative charge of the polysulfone membrane, which leads to higher electrostatic repulsion forces between sugars which behave as weak acids [45] and the membrane, thereby increasing the retention of sugars [46][47][48]. A high pH value is a better choice for the purification of sugars [48]. On the other hand, the temperature has significant effects on the membrane performance.…”

Analyzing the phenolic enriched fractions from Nixtamalization wastewater (Nejayote) fractionated in a three-step membrane process

“…Apart from the evident rejection due to their molecular size, the retention of carbohydrates could be influenced by their nature and kind of membrane, that is, carbohydrates are hydrophilic molecules due to their composition in hydroxyl groups (-OH) ( Jorand et al, 1998 ), which can be rejected by hydrophobic membrane materials, such as polysulfone ( Castro-Muñoz, 2019 ). For instance, Wang and Yu (2021) explained how the membrane pressure causes an increase in the permeate flux due to the compaction and reduction of the membrane thickness, causing an increase in the concentration polarization and eventually a membrane fouling, which could indeed contribute to the rejection of carbohydrates ( Cohen et al, 2017 ). In this study, the filtration processes were carried out consecutively for each type of Nejayote, that is, the NWM was processed through the MF, followed by the NRM and finally the NPM; with rinsing the membrane that entered each process.…”

Qualitative and Quantitative Changes of Oligosaccharides in Human and Animal Milk over Lactation

“…The laws and regulations of oligosaccharides are moving rapidly, and many aspects of HMOs are being studied worldwide to develop new production technologies for enrichment in infant formula and functional foods. These methods include (1) fermentation of HMOs by genetically engineered bacteria − and (2) concentration/fractionation techniques, such as membrane filtration. − To better explore the application of HMOs in infant formula or other functional foods, an in-depth understanding is highly needed of the type and amount of oligosaccharides in human and animal milk as well as their changes over lactation.…”