Membrane mimetic surface functionalization of nanoparticles: Methods and applications

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs), due to their size-dependent physical and chemical properties, have shown remarkable potential for a wide range of applications over the past decades. Particularly, the biological compatibilities and functions of NPs have been extensively studied for expanding their potential in areas of biomedical application such as bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery. In doing so, surface functionalization of NPs by introducing synthetic ligands and/or natural biomolecules has become a critical component in regards to the overall performance of the NP system for its intended use. Among known examples of surface functionalization, the construction of an artificial cell membrane structure, based on phospholipids, has proven effective in enhancing biocompatibility and has become a viable alternative to more traditional modifications, such as direct polymer conjugation. Furthermore, certain bioactive molecules can be immobilized onto the surface of phospholipid platforms to generate displays more reminiscent of cellular surface components. Thus, NPs with membrane-mimetic displays have found use in a range of bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery applications. This review herein describes recent advances in the preparations and characterization of integrated functional NPs covered by artificial cell membrane structures and their use in various biomedical applications.

Brownian dynamics simulation of a dispersion composed of disk-like hematite particles regarding the orientational distribution and the magneto-rheological properties

“…For instance, new magneto-rheological fluids are the target for development in the fluids engineering field [1][2][3], highdensity recording materials [4,5]and optical units in the magnetic material engineering field [6][7][8][9][10], a magnetic drug delivery system (magnetically targeted drug delivery) in the bioengineering field [11][12][13], and the recovering technology for specific substances such as hazardous heavy metal molecules (environmental waste and pollutants) or valuable noble metal molecules from water (sea, lake, etc.) in the environmental resources engineering field [14][15][16] .…”

Photoluminescent nanoplatforms in biomedical applications

“…Phospholipid-based coating provides stable dispersion of the nanoparticles in aqueous solution, improved circulation in the blood stream, conjugation to targeting agents, and intrinsic anti-adhesion properties that prevent non-specific interactions at the nanoparticle surface [82].…”

The role of surface functionalization of silica nanoparticles for bioimaging

“…Very often, this method has been used to attach biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, antibodies or polymers that, due to its opposite charges, interact with the surface of colloidal nanoparticles. 32,101,102 In this case, nanoparticles curvature as well as protein molecular weight, a®ect surface functionalization. 103 Noncovalent attachment is a simple and not expensive method, enabling surface exchange reactions that result in the replacement of previously attached molecules by others that have higher a±nity to the SNP surface but having no speci¯city to the cells in study.…”