2017
DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2016.07.045
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Membrane distillation (MD) integrated with crystallization (MDC) for shale gas produced water (SGPW) treatment

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Cited by 116 publications
(51 citation statements)
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“…As can be seen in Figure 8, the spectra showed the presence of calcite crystals when the antiscalant was not used, and the calcite peak disappeared after using the antiscalant. Kim, et al [126] characterized the components making up the crystals formed in the crystallizer of an integrated MD and membrane crystallization (MDC) system for shale gas produced water (SGPW) treatment. …”
Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As can be seen in Figure 8, the spectra showed the presence of calcite crystals when the antiscalant was not used, and the calcite peak disappeared after using the antiscalant. Kim, et al [126] characterized the components making up the crystals formed in the crystallizer of an integrated MD and membrane crystallization (MDC) system for shale gas produced water (SGPW) treatment. …”
Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The treated produced water may still contain impurities which could result in more severe fouling and wetting when fed to MD system. It was reported by Kim et al [86] that the presence oil and grease as well as scaling induced by multivalent ions can enhance the wetting phenomenon. Results of their study suggest a combination of MD and crystallization to reduce scalant content and effectively prevent wetting.…”
Section: Membrane In Produced Water Reuse and Reinjectionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Extra liquid entry pressure and membrane fouling are two principal causes of membrane wetting. Kim et al [157] fundamentally investigated the MD process integrated with crystallization in order to prevent inorganic scaling induced by multivalent ions such as barium and calcium in shale-gas-produced water treatment. By utilizing the proposed system, scalant loading was decreased significantly and membrane wetting was mitigated dramatically.…”
Section: Wetting Phenomenon In MD Processmentioning
confidence: 99%