This article gives a general outline on membrane contactors, providing basic information on how these systems work, the unit operations that they can cover, the membranes used, the main advantages and disadvantages with respect to conventional devices, as well as the most studied applications. The aspects of these membrane operations that still need to be improved for enlarging and consolidating their areas of application are also reported. The goal is to furnish a general knowledge on the subject, underlining potentialities, problems, and research trends in the field.