Membrane and DNA Damaging/Protective Effects of Eugenol, Eucalyptol, Terpinen-4-ol and Camphor at Various Concentrations on Parental and Drug Resistant H1299 Cells

Abstract

Eugenol, eucalyptol, and camphor, used as flavor agents in cosmetic and food products, have both prooxidant and antioxidant activities. To clarify the mechanisms of their cytotoxic effect and the factors affecting their antioxidant/prooxidant activities, we investigated cell membrane and DNA damage/protective effects induced by eugenol, eucalyptol, terpinen-4-ol, and camphor in parental and drug-resistant human lung cancer cell lines. The parental cells were found approximately 3, 6, and 8 times more sensitive to camphor cytotoxicity than drug-resistant cells at 24, 48, and 72 h respectively. The cytotoxic activity for both cell types was found to be in the order of camphor, eugenol, terpinen-4-ol, and eucalyptol, depending on their concentrations. Malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine levels were also increased as a result of membrane and DNA damage in both cell lines exposed to the highest concentration of these test components. On the other hand, eugenol, eucalyptol, terpinen-4-ol, and camphor protected the cells against H 2 O 2 -induced cytotoxicity, membrane damage, and DNA damage when the cells were incubated with these test components at lower concentrations (< IC 50 ) before H 2 O 2 treatment. These findings suggest that eugenol, eucalyptol, terpinen-4-ol, and camphor exhibit membrane and DNA protective/damaging effects changing in a manner dependent upon concentration, cell type, and time.

Eugenol biologic activity in immunosuppressed rat females withCandida albicans genital infection: histocytological changes

“…Following the experimental infection with C. albicans and after the therapy, the results showed that eugenol was highly effective in the treatment of genital candidiasis, probably due to its antioxidant/prooxidant activities. According to our results about eugenol activity, we agree with the findings of Özkan and Erdoğan (2013), who demonstrated that this natural active substance can exhibit membrane and DNA protective/damaging effects changing in a manner dependent upon concentration, cell type, and time.…”

Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant and antitumor activities of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. leaves

“…Various scientific studies have shown that phenolics and flavonoids are responsible for anticancer activity of plants (Gomes et al, 2003;Liu et al, 2012;Chahar et al, 2011). Furthermore, bioactive components of methanol extract which are represented in Table 1, exhibit anticancer activity by cell membrane and DNA damaging, inducing apoptosis, targeting DNA topoisomerase I and inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines (Mitsuhashi et al, 2008;Ozkan and Erdogan, 2013). Difference in tumorogenic approach of methanol, chloroform and hexane extracts towards the A. tumefaciens might be attributed to distinctive profile of bioactive compounds (Table 1) and their innovative mechanism of action.…”

Evaluation of cytotoxic, membrane, and DNA damaging effects of Thymus revolutus Célak essential oil on different cancer cells

“…Therefore, this probably governs the sensitivities of the cell lines upon exposure to the same compounds. One study showed that drug-resistant cells could resist oxidants with their higher antioxidant enzymes (33). Our previous study showed that epirubicin-resistant H1299 cells had more GPx and GST activity, but lower GSH amounts, than parental H1299 cells (18).…”

“…Origanum onites (Lamiaceae) essential oil and its two phenolic components, thymol and carvacrol, induced membrane damage on Hep G2 cells (32). Carvacrol, thymol eugenol, eucalyptol, terpinen-4-ol, and camphor at higher concentrations increased MDA levels, causing membrane damage, and 8-OHdG levels, causing DNA damage to both parental and epirubicin-resistant H1299 cells (32,33).…”