Evaluation of cytotoxic, membrane, and DNA damaging effects of Thymus revolutus Célak essential oil on different cancer cells

Abstract

Background/aim: In this study, we evaluated Thymus revolutus Célak essential oil and its two main constituents, γ-terpinene and p-cymene, as potential oxidative agents against lung cancer and epidermoid carcinoma cells. Materials and methods:Cell viability assessment was made by CellTiter-Blue® cell viability and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay after treatment with 5-600 µg/mL concentrations of essential oil, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene. Malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels in parental H1299, epirubicin-resistant (drug-resistant) H1299, A549, and A431 cells were also assayed after essential oil, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene had been administered for 24 h. Glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRx), and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities were determined.Results: Parental H1299 cells were found to be more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of all compounds. While A431 cells had the highest membrane damage, which was caused by essential oil (IC 50 and IC 70 ), A549 cells had the highest DNA damage at IC 50 and IC 70 p-cymene concentrations. G6PD, GST, GRx, and GPx enzyme activities of cells, which increased against these compounds, depended on concentrations, incubation times, and antioxidant capacities of the cells. Conclusion:This study suggests that different cancer cells showed different cellular responses against potential antitumor and prooxidative effects of the essential oil and its two main constituents.

Network Pharmacology and Experiment Verification to Explore the Potential Mechanism of Yin-Huo-Tang for Lung Adenocarcinoma Recurrence

“…There were some other active ingredients identi ed in the water extract of YHT had direct anticancer effects or inhibited recrudescence and metastasis. P-cymene inhibited A549 cell proliferation through DNA damaging [38]. Beta sitosterol perturbed disturbed cell cycle and induced apoptosis of A549 cells [39], and inhibited H1299 proliferation [40].…”

Genoprotective activities of plant natural substances in cancer and chemopreventive strategies in the context of 3P medicine

“…Additionally, they increased glutathione reductase (GRx), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), GST, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity. These compounds demonstrated antitumour and prooxidative effects with subsequent induction of cytotoxic death of cancer cells [119]. Flaxseed consumption reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in tobacco smoke carcinogen (NNK)-induced lung tumourigenesis in A/J mice.…”

An In Vitro Evaluation of the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Medical Plants from the Lamiaceae Family as Effective Sources of Active Compounds against Human Cancer Cell Lines

“…Nepeta rtanjensis essential oils rich in trans,cis-nepetalactone induced programmed cell death against A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells [ 319 ], as did Origanum onites essential oil, which is rich in carvacrol, against Ht-29 cells [ 320 ]. Ocimum viride essential oils, which have a high content of γ-terpinene, induced apoptosis as a consequence of DNA damage in HT-29 cells [ 321 ], while Thymus revolutus essential oil with a high content of γ-terpinene and p-cymene induced apoptosis in A549 cells [ 322 ]. Salvia aurea , S. judaica, and S. viscosa essential oils containing caryophyllene oxide as a main constituent induced apoptosis triggered by excessive ROS formation in DU-145 cells [ 323 ], as did Zataria multiflora essential oils in HCT-116 and SW48 cell lines [ 324 ].…”