MELPe Coded Speech Hiding on Enhanced Full Rate Compressed Domain

Shahbazi, Ali; Rezaie, Amir Hossein; Shahbazi, Ramin

doi:10.1109/ams.2010.60

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…In (Xu and Yang 2009), a simple and effective steganographic approach, which may be applied to 5.3 Kbps G.723.1 speech, was presented on analyzing the redundancy of code parameters, and augmented identity matrix was utilized to lower the distortion of cover audio. Similarly, by calculating speech quality on each encoded bit out of 244 bits using perceptual evaluation of audio quality (PESQ) criterion, a data hiding method to embedding data in enhanced full rate (EFR) compressed audio bitstream is proposed in (Shahbazi, Rezaie, and Shahbazi 2010). In addition, Nishimura (Nishimura 2009) proposed three methods of securing data in the pitch delay data of the AMR speech.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Multirate Wideband Speech Steganography for Improving Embedding Capacity Compared with Neighbor-Index-Division Codebook Division Algorithm

Reddy¹

2021

revistageintec

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Aim: The main motive of this study is to perform Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) Speech Steganography in network security to produce the stego speech with less loss of quality while increasing embedding capacities. Materials and Methods: TIMIT Acoustic-Phonetic Continuous Speech Corpus dataset consists of about 16000 speech samples out of which 1000 samples are taken and 80% pretest power for analyzing the speech steganography. AMR-WB Speech steganography is performed by Diameter Neighbor codebook partition algorithm (Group 1) and Neighbor Index Division codebook division algorithm (Group 2). Results: The AMR-WB speech steganography using DN codebook partition obtained average quality rate of 2.8893 and NID codebook division algorithm obtained average quality rate of 2.4196 in the range of 300bps embedding capacity. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study proves that the decrease in quality in NID is twice more than the DN based steganography while increasing the embedding capacities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Multirate Wideband Speech Steganography for Improving Embedding Capacity Compared with Neighbor-Index-Division Codebook Division Algorithm

Reddy¹

2021

revistageintec

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“…They are distributed in protocol headers (e.g. IP, UDP/TCP, RTP/RTCP, SIP) [1,15] and payloads (compressed pcm data or speech frames) [9,2]. Lubacz et al [5] classified VoIP specified steganography into three types which include a third type implemented by modifying time related fields of VoIP packets [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-based steganography in low bit rate speech

Zhou

Liu

Tian

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the 20th ACM International Conference on Multimedia

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Common least significant bit (LSB) relevant steganography methods in speech frames often base on bits evaluation by certain speech quality evaluation criterion and together with some coding and embedding strategies to enhance imperceptibility and efficiency. However, some embedding capabilities and security strategy are neglected. This paper proposes a state-based steganography method which fully investigates speech frame features in order to expand embedding capabilities and enhance steganography security. In the proposed method, embedding capabilities are measured by available numbers of states relative to current frame parameters rather than information bits. And secret information embedding procedure is performed by the chosen states mapped operations. This is a basic fine-grained steganography solution which is useful for other algorithms based on it. The experimental results have demonstrated that statebased method outperforms traditional LSB substitution in overall performance and introduces limited latency, which meets the realtime requirement in covert communications.

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“…In [7], a simple and effective steganographic approach, which may be applied to 5.3 Kbps G.723.1 speech, was presented based on analyzing the redundancy of code parameters, and augmented identity matrix was utilized to lower the distortion of cover speech. Similarly, by calculating speech quality sensitivity on each encoded bit out of 244 bits using perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) criterion, a 2 Security and Communication Networks data hiding approach to embedding data in enhanced full rate (EFR) compressed speech bitstream is proposed in [8]. In addition, Nishimura [9] proposed three methods of hiding data in the pitch delay data of the AMR speech.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel AMR-WB Speech Steganography Based on Diameter-Neighbor Codebook Partition

Chen

Xiao

et al. 2018

Security and Communication Networks

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Steganography is a means of covert communication without revealing the occurrence and the real purpose of communication. The adaptive multirate wideband (AMR-WB) is a widely adapted format in mobile handsets and is also the recommended speech codec for VoLTE. In this paper, a novel AMR-WB speech steganography is proposed based on diameter-neighbor codebook partition algorithm. Different embedding capacity may be achieved by adjusting the iterative parameters during codebook division. The experimental results prove that the presented AMR-WB steganography may provide higher and flexible embedding capacity without inducing perceptible distortion compared with the state-of-the-art methods. With 48 iterations of cluster merging, twice the embedding capacity of complementary-neighbor-vertices-based embedding method may be obtained with a decrease of only around 2% in speech quality and much the same undetectability. Moreover, both the quality of stego speech and the security regarding statistical steganalysis are better than the recent speech steganography based on neighbor-index-division codebook partition.

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MELPe Coded Speech Hiding on Enhanced Full Rate Compressed Domain

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Optimized Multirate Wideband Speech Steganography for Improving Embedding Capacity Compared with Neighbor-Index-Division Codebook Division Algorithm

Optimized Multirate Wideband Speech Steganography for Improving Embedding Capacity Compared with Neighbor-Index-Division Codebook Division Algorithm

State-based steganography in low bit rate speech

A Novel AMR-WB Speech Steganography Based on Diameter-Neighbor Codebook Partition

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