A Novel AMR-WB Speech Steganography Based on Diameter-Neighbor Codebook Partition

Abstract

Steganography is a means of covert communication without revealing the occurrence and the real purpose of communication. The adaptive multirate wideband (AMR-WB) is a widely adapted format in mobile handsets and is also the recommended speech codec for VoLTE. In this paper, a novel AMR-WB speech steganography is proposed based on diameter-neighbor codebook partition algorithm. Different embedding capacity may be achieved by adjusting the iterative parameters during codebook division. The experimental results prove that the presented AMR-WB steganography may provide higher and flexible embedding capacity without inducing perceptible distortion compared with the state-of-the-art methods. With 48 iterations of cluster merging, twice the embedding capacity of complementary-neighbor-vertices-based embedding method may be obtained with a decrease of only around 2% in speech quality and much the same undetectability. Moreover, both the quality of stego speech and the security regarding statistical steganalysis are better than the recent speech steganography based on neighbor-index-division codebook partition.

High capacity speech steganography for the G723.1 coder based on quantised line spectral pairs interpolation and CNN auto-encoding

“…For each encoder, there is a maximum PESQ score. This standard gives an assessment of speech quality from −0.5 to 4.5, yet the result is frequently confined to the range [1.0, 4.5], similar to a mean opinion score (MOS) scale from 1 (worst) to 5 (best) [16,27,17]. In such a scale, the PESQ score equal to 2 is selected as the intelligibility threshold.…”

“…Better concealment schemes and statistical security than the existing AMR FCB steganographic schemes. [16] Is based on the algorithm of diameterneighbour codebook partition that provides the AMR-WB coder with flexibility in steganographic capacity with various iterative parameters.…”

“…denotes the nearest integer towards negative infinity. For = 1 and = 3, ( ) = 2 16 , therefore, ( ) can be coded with 16 bits, and ( ) takes values in the interval [0, 8]. For = 2 and = 4, ( ) = 2 14 is used, therefore, ( ) can be coded with 14 bits, and ( ) takes values in the interval [0, 5].…”

Split Multi-Stage Vector Quantization Based Steganography for Secure Wideband Speech Coder

“…They showed that the two steganographic SBS methods carried out by balanced and unbalanced VQ codebook partitioning can generate stego-speech signals with similar quality to cover speech signals. In [6], an AMR-WB speech steganography system was proposed based on diameter-neighbor codebook partition method. It was shown that speech steganographic system can provide higher and flexible embedding capacity without noticeable decrease in speech quality and better performance against statistical steganalysis.…”