“…Within the framework of molecular phylogenies, such as that by Sato et al (2012), the basal position of melines within living mustelids suggests that the presence of a postprotocrista on M1 in the badgers is a primitive condition, as seen in all non-mustelid carnivorans, and its absence is a derived condition starting somewhere near Martes and persisting through lutrines -that is, loss of the postprotocrista is not homoplastic. As for the accessory cusp behind the M1 metacone, it is largely confined to the meline clade (Wallace & Wang 2004), although this cuspule is also seen in Melogale (Teilhard de Chardin & Leroy 1945;Storz & Wozencraft 1999). With the molecular constraint, therefore, upper molars in mionictines (Mionictis, Lartetictis, Adroverictis, Trochictis) present a meline plan, as Ginsburg & Morales (1996) had envisioned.…”