Melanotropic peptides in the mammalian brain: The melanin-concentrating hormone

Knigge, Karl M.; Baxter-Grillo, Dorothea L.; Speciale, John; Wagner, J

doi:10.1016/0196-9781(96)00131-3

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…These neurons were intermingled with the hypocretinergic neurons in the lateral, dorsal and posterior hypothalamic areas, as well as in the zona incerta. Although the number of MCHergic neurons was larger than that of hypocretinergic neurons, the hypocretinergic neuronal field extended to a larger degree in the antero-posterior axis; this distribution differs from that observed in rodents, wherein there is a greater presence of MCHergic neurons than hypocretinergic neurons along this axis (Bayer, et al, 2002, Knigge, et al, 1996. MCHergic fibers were in close relationship with the hypocretinergic neurons, and vice versa, suggesting synaptic contacts between them; however, confocal and electron microscopic studies will be necessary to confirm synaptic contacts between these cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

MCH-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the cat: Searching for a role in the control of sleep and wakefulness

Torterolo

Sampogna²,

Morales

et al. 2006

Brain Research

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Neurons that utilize melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and others that employ hypocretin as neurotransmitter are located in the hypothalamus and project diffusely throughout the CNS, including areas that participate in the generation and maintenance of the states of sleep and wakefulness. In the present report, immunohistochemical methods were employed to examine the distribution of MCHergic and hypocretinergic neurons. In order to test the hypothesis that the MCHergic system is capable of influencing specific behavioral states, we studied Fos immunoreactivity in MCHcontaining neurons during 1) quiet wakefulness, 2) active wakefulness with motor activity, 3) active wakefulness without motor activity, 4) quiet sleep, and, 5) active sleep induced by carbachol (AScarbachol). We determined that MCHergic neuronal somata in the cat are intermingled with hypocretinergic neurons in the dorsal and lateral hypothalamus, principally in the tuberal and tuberomammillary regions; however, hypocretinergic neurons extended more in the anteriorposterior axis than MCHergic neurons. Axosomatic and axodendritic contacts were common between these neurons. In contrast to hypocretinergic neurons, which are known to be active during motor activity and AS-carbachol, Fos immunoreactivity was not observed in MCH-containing neurons in conjunction with any of the preceding behavioral conditions. Non-MCHergic, non-hypocretinergic neurons that expressed c-fos during active wakefulness with motor activity were intermingled with MCH and hypocretin-containing neurons, suggesting that these neurons are related to some aspect of motor function. Further studies are required to elucidate the functional sequela of the interactions between MCHergic and hypocretinergic neurons and the phenotype of the other neurons that were active during motor activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

MCH-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the cat: Searching for a role in the control of sleep and wakefulness

Torterolo

Sampogna²,

Morales

et al. 2006

Brain Research

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“…In this region, we observed that MCP-1/CCL2-positive neurons are localized in MCH-expressing neurons. It is well documented that this neuropeptide is involved in the control of water and food intake and in the regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis (Knigge et al, 1996). Together with the presence of MCP-1/CCL2 in magnocellular VPergic neurons, this raises the possibility that the chemokine might take part in the control of eating and drinking behaviors and strengthens the notion that it could exert neuroendocrine functions.…”

Section: Neuropeptidic Phenotype Of Mcp-1/ccl2-expressing Neurons In mentioning

confidence: 81%

Highly regionalized neuronal expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1/CCL2) in rat brain: Evidence for its colocalization with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides

Banisadr

Gosselin

Mechighel

et al. 2005

J of Comparative Neurology

155

123

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The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and its receptor CCR2 are key modulators of immune functions. In the nervous system, MCP-1/CCL2 is implicated in neuroinflammatory pathologies. However, cerebral functions of MCP-1/CCL2 under normal conditions are still unclear. In this study, using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and specific rat MCP-1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) approaches, we observed that MCP-1/CCL2 mRNA and protein were expressed in different punched regions of the normal rat central nervous system. Immunohistochemical studies further revealed that this chemokine is constitutively expressed not only in astrocytes but also in neurons, in discrete neuroanatomical regions. Neuronal expression of MCP-1/CCL2 is mainly found in the cerebral cortex, globus pallidus, hippocampus, paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei, lateral hypothalamus, substantia nigra, facial nuclei, motor and spinal trigeminal nuclei, and gigantocellular reticular nucleus and in Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Moreover, we obtained the first evidence that MCP-1/CCL2 is constitutively expressed in cholinergic neurons, notably in the magnocellular preoptic and oculomotor nuclei, and in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. In addition, in the lateral hypothalamic area, MCP-1/CCL2 co-localized with melanin-concentrating hormone-expressing neurons. Interestingly, we demonstrate a co-localization of MCP-1/CCL2 with vasopressin in magnocellular neuronal cell bodies and processes in the supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, as well as in processes in the internal layer of the median eminence and in the posterior pituitary. Taken together, our data suggest that MCP-1/CCL2 could act as a modulator of neuronal activity and neuroendocrine functions.

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“…In addition, several lines of evidence also suggest a role for MCH in modification of memory retention (16), modulation of other hormones regulating food intake (17) and sexual behavior (18) and involvement in seizure (19). MCH is also localized in neurons functionally involved in circuits of the extrapyramidal motor systems from striatal centers to the thalamus and cerebral cortex and to the midbrain and spinal cord (20). The complex central nervous system expression pattern of MCH together with the many diverse functions mediated by MCH suggest the existence of more than one MCH receptor.…”

Section: Melanin-concentrating Hormone (Mch)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Pharmacological Characterization of a Novel Human Melanin-concentrating Hormone Receptor, MCH-R2

Wang¹,

Behan²,

O’Neill³

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

101

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Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a neuropeptide highly expressed in the brain that regulates several physiological functions mediated by receptors in the G protein-coupled receptor family. Recently an orphan receptor, SLC-1, has been identified as an MCH receptor (MCH-R1). Herein we identify and characterize a novel receptor for human MCH (MCH-R2Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) 1 is a cyclic neuropeptide originally identified in salmon pituitaries responsible for skin color changes in teleost fish (1). This peptide is composed of 17 amino acids (DTMRCMVGRVYRPCWEV), whereas the mammalian form of MCH is a 19-amino acid peptide (DFDMLRCMLGRVYRPCWQV) expressed throughout the brain with the highest concentration in the lateral hypothalamic and zona incerta areas (2-4).MCH plays a role in several important physiologic processes.The most active area of research on MCH has focused on the role of MCH in the regulation of feeding behavior and energy balance. Several studies provide evidence for a role for MCH in regulation of body weight.1) Mice that lack MCH are hypophagic and exhibit an increased metabolic rate, resulting in decreased body weight and body fat content (5). 2) Intracerebroventricular injection of MCH increases feeding in rats (6 -8).3) MCH, like several other appetite-regulating neuropeptides, is regulated by leptin in the hypothalamus (9, 10).Other physiological roles of MCH include regulation of the hypothalamopituitary adrenal gland axis (11), modulation of water and electrolyte fluxes in the gut (12), stimulation of oxytocin secretion from isolated rat neurohypophysis (13), regulation of sensory processing (14), and modulation of monoaminergic activity in the medial preoptic area (15). In addition, several lines of evidence also suggest a role for MCH in modification of memory retention (16), modulation of other hormones regulating food intake (17) and sexual behavior (18) and involvement in seizure (19). MCH is also localized in neurons functionally involved in circuits of the extrapyramidal motor systems from striatal centers to the thalamus and cerebral cortex and to the midbrain and spinal cord (20). The complex central nervous system expression pattern of MCH together with the many diverse functions mediated by MCH suggest the existence of more than one MCH receptor.The molecular identities of MCH receptors were unknown until recent reports of the first MCH receptor (MCH-R1) (21-25). MCH-R1 is composed of seven transmembrane domains typical of G protein-coupled receptors and binds to MCH with high affinity. MCH-R1 is coupled to G i , G o , and G q -type G proteins and mediates decreases in intracellular cAMP and increases in intracellular Ca 2ϩ levels, inositol phosphate production, and mitogen-activate protein kinase activity (26). In this report, we describe a novel MCH receptor identified through bioinformatic and molecular cloning approaches. The receptor is similar (35% identical) to the previously published MCH receptor, is able to bind 125 I-labeled MCH, and can be activated by ...

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Melanotropic peptides in the mammalian brain: The melanin-concentrating hormone

Cited by 37 publications

References 118 publications

MCH-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the cat: Searching for a role in the control of sleep and wakefulness

MCH-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the cat: Searching for a role in the control of sleep and wakefulness

Highly regionalized neuronal expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1/CCL2) in rat brain: Evidence for its colocalization with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides

Identification and Pharmacological Characterization of a Novel Human Melanin-concentrating Hormone Receptor, MCH-R2

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