Melanoma Resistance: A Bright Future for Academicians and a Challenge for Patient Advocates

Slominski, Andrzej; Carlson, John A.

doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.02.009

Cited by 118 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The phosphorylation of cAMP response element (CREB) by PKA acts as a transcription factor in genes like microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) [67]. MITF regulates the melanocyte development, melanosome transport, and the expression of antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) protein [4]. Both MITF and BCL-2 are important melanoma biomarkers.…”

Section: Melanogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several treatment strategies like surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and, more recently, immunotherapy can be applied, depending on the clinical stage of melanoma. However, advanced melanoma is capable of developing resistance mechanisms to most of the therapeutic strategies applied, including immunotherapy [4]; thus, the outcome of therapy is largely disappointing. Melanoma resistance mechanisms to therapy involve the development of intratumoral heterogeneity, defined by heterogeneity of melanoma cells and their behavior, the alterations of the microenvironment, and the tumor immune evasion [4].…”

Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A paradigm in the melanoma development has recently emerged, the parallel between pregnancy and cancer [4,11]. Similarities between the mechanisms involved in the maternal-fetus tolerance and the tumor escape from the host's immune cells have been found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, once metastases occur, it is largely refractory to existing therapies, including newly developed forms of immunotherapy. Median survival time for patients with stage IV (metastatic) melanoma is approximately 9 months, and 3 years survival rates are less than 15 % [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current position of TNF-α in melanomagenesis

et al. 2015

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Melanoma is one of the most heterogeneous and immunogenic forms of cancer. Both tumor and stroma cells synthesize many cytokines involved in rapid development and metastasis. One of these cytokines from the tumor milieu is tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which seems to have an intricate role in melanomagenesis. Initially, it was found that TNF-α can induce apoptosis of tumor cells through both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, in contrast with later studies that revealed its protumoral activity. TNF-α is involved in inflammation, inducing the secretion of survival molecules like antiapoptotic proteins, proangiogenetic factors and metastasis markers. Although there are many therapeutic strategies against melanoma, the prognosis of advanced stages remains poor, due to several tumor resistance mechanisms. TNF seems to be a negative prognostic factor in melanoma surgery and correlates with chemotherapy resistance. However, high intratumoral levels of TNF-α might be beneficial for immunotherapy. Researchers may redirect their studies in the future by double activating of the proinflammatory molecule TNF-α and the immune cells in order to obtain an antitumoral response in metastatic melanoma.

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Section: Melanogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current position of TNF-α in melanomagenesis

et al. 2015

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“…[15][16][17] The major challenge to be solved is how to prevent melanoma from establishing neuroendocrine axes and rewiring the local and systemic homeostatic responses, in turn securing tumor survival and growth to the detriment of the host during stage 3 (regional metastasis) and stage 4 (diatal metastasis) disease. 18 For this reason, immunotherapy is emerging as a therapy in which the ability of the systemic immune system is exploited. The key to successful synergy therapy is to design a simple, novel co-delivery system that combines chemotherapy with immunotherapy in order to treat cancer patients while keeping side effects to a minimum.…”

Section: Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoliposome co-delivery of bufalin and anti-CD40 antibody adjuvant induces synergetic therapeutic efficacy against melanoma

Li¹,

Yuan²,

Yang³

et al. 2014

IJN

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Liposomes constitute one of the most popular nanocarriers for improving the delivery and efficacy of agents in cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate immunoliposome co-delivery of bufalin and anti-CD40 to induce synergetic therapeutic efficacy while eliminating systemic side effects. Bufalin liposomes (BFL) conjugated with anti-CD40 antibody (anti-CD40-BFL) showed enhanced cytotoxicity compared with bufalin alone. In a mouse B16 melanoma model, intravenous injection of anti-CD40-BFL achieved smaller tumor volume than did treatment with BFL (average: 117 mm 3 versus 270 mm 3 , respectively); the enhanced therapeutic efficacy through a caspase-dependent pathway induced apoptosis, which was confirmed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-Fluorescein nick end labeling and Western blot assay. Meanwhile, anti-CD40-BFL elicited unapparent body-weight changes and a significant reduction in serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interferon-γ, and hepatic enzyme alanine transaminase, suggesting minimized systemic side effects. This may be attributed to the mechanism by which liposomes are retained within the tumor site for an extended period of time, which is supported by the following biodistribution and flow cytometric analyses. Taken together, the results demonstrated a highly promising strategy for liposomal vehicle transport of anti-CD40 plus bufalin that can be used to enhance antitumor effects via synergetic systemic immunity while blocking systemic toxicity.

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Utilization of Nanoparticles, Nanodevices, and Nanotechnology in the Treatment Course of Cutaneous Melanoma

Hartmann

Perron

Razavi

2022

Advanced Therapeutics

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Melanoma is a highly lethal form of skin cancer caused by rapid proliferation of melanocytes, pigment‐producing cells of the skin. Despite continued advancements, current diagnostic and treatment techniques have been inadequate in decreasing the global health burden of this disease. Therefore, increased research has gone into solving these hindrances to treatment, with nanomedicine offering many promising solutions. In this review, different subtypes of nanomedicine will be discussed along with their clinical utility in relation to melanoma. First, risk factors, pathogenesis, and current therapeutic techniques relating to melanoma will be summarized and discussed. Then, the main types of nanomedicine and their use in treating melanoma will be discussed including nanoparticles, nanodevices, and nanotechnological tools in drug delivery and diagnosis.

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Melanoma Resistance: A Bright Future for Academicians and a Challenge for Patient Advocates

Cited by 118 publications

References 24 publications

Current position of TNF-α in melanomagenesis

Current position of TNF-α in melanomagenesis

Immunoliposome co-delivery of bufalin and anti-CD40 antibody adjuvant induces synergetic therapeutic efficacy against melanoma

Utilization of Nanoparticles, Nanodevices, and Nanotechnology in the Treatment Course of Cutaneous Melanoma

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