Melanin concentrating hormone induces hippocampal acetylcholine release via the medial septum in rats

Lu, Zhihong; Fukuda, Satoru; Minakawa, Yoichi; Yasuda, Atsushi; Sakamoto, Hidetoshi; Sawamura, Shigehito; Takahashi, Hidenori; Ishii, Noriko

doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2013.03.015

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…These projection patterns being common to all mammals studied so far (Baker, 1991;Bittencourt et al, 1992;Griffond and Baker, 2002;Nahon et al, 1989). Conserved projections, as in the medial septal complex, suggest conserved functions for example in memory consolidation during REM sleep for MCH (Lima et al, 2013;Lu et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Different distributions of preproMCH and hypocretin/orexin in the forebrain of the pig (Sus scrofa domesticus)

Chometton

Franchi

Houdayer

et al. 2014

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Different distributions of preproMCH and hypocretin/orexin in the forebrain of the pig (Sus scrofa domesticus)

Chometton

Franchi

Houdayer

et al. 2014

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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“…Neurohistochemical studies showed that MCH-ergic neurons project through the medial septal nucleus to the hippocampus. Intraventricular administration of the peptide not only causes extended REM sleep and shortens its latency but also stimulates acetylcholine release from the hippocampus, with no effect on acetylcholine release in the neocortex [30].…”

Section: Hypothalamus and Regulation Of Circadian Rhythmmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Its neurons are sites of constant transcription and translation, regulated in a feedback loop by the cyclical activity of transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1 [30,31,32]. Even isolated cells in vitro retain these capacities [4].…”

Section: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus As a Circadian Oscillatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurofizjologiczne uwarunkowania procesów snu, czuwania, świadomości i przytomności. Część 2

Iwańczuk

Guźniczak²

2015

Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther

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Second section of the paper contains description of hypothalamic centres involved in regulation of circadian rhythms. Connections between these neurons and activating reticular system are described. Transition from arousal to sleep, promoted by substances called somnogens, is discussed. Lastly, function of suprachiasmatic nucleus as circadian oscillator is presented.Key words: consciousness, awareness, sleep, arousal, reticular system, thalamus, hypothalamus Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy 2015, vol. 47, no 2, 168-174 HYPOTHALAMUS AND REGULATION OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMThe hypothalamus is uniformly perceived as the main structure responsible for the regulation of sleep-wakefulness states [1]. Mention of hypothalamic significance in circadian rhythm dates back to the 1930s. An Austrian scientist, Constantin von Economo, performed autopsies on brains from patients who died during viral encephalitis (encephalitis lethargica) epidemics and noted that the occurrence of coma in those patients was related to injury of the posterior hypothalamus and anterior midbrain. In some patients, disease-related damage could be found in the anterior hypothalamus, and those subjects presented quite a different symptomatology, as they remained in a state of constant wakefulness. Von Economo suggested that the anterior hypothalamus contains neurons responsible for falling asleep, while the posterior part of the organ contains neurons generating a state of wakefulness. Von Economo published his observations and conclusions in 1931 [2].In the 1950s Moruzzi and Mogoun presented the notion of an activating reticular system of the brainstem, and in the 1960s the role of the hypothalamus and basal part of the forebrain in the generation of awareness was acknowledged [3]. Further milestones in the neurophysiology of awareness included the theory of the thalamic system of modulating sensory information, the discovery of reciprocal relationships between different neuronal systems in the state of dynamic equilibrium as well as the discovery of the stabiliser, which regulates oscillations of neuronal networks having opposing effects on the state of awareness.The main centres involved in the generation and regulation of sleep and wakefulness include: -basal forebrain (BF), -reticular formation (RF) of the pons and midbrain, -pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei (PPT) and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei (LDT) of the pons, -ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) of the hypothalamus, -median preoptic area (MNPO), -tubero-mammillary nucleus (TMN) of the hypothalamus, -dorsal and median raphe nuclei (DR) of the brainstem, -locus coeruleus (LC) of the pons and midbrain, -orexinergic lateral part of hypothalamus (ORXN), -suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) (Fig. 1).Synaptic mediators involved in the generation of sleep and wakefulness states include noradrenaline, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine, glycine and orexins.Homeostatic regulation of this system depends on th...

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“…REM sleep is the sleep stage at which learning occurs, explaining the specific role of MCH in REMS. MCH promotes GCs and ACh efflux into the hippocampus [Lu et al, 2013], and both of these are important factors in REMS learning.…”

Section: Interaction: Melanin-concentrating Hormone (Mch)mentioning

confidence: 98%

The Brain, Explained: A Comprehensive Theory of Brain Function

Rappoport¹

2018

Preprint

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Understanding brain function is one of the most important problems in human history. At present, there is no concrete theory for how the brain works. Here, a theory is presented that provides a detailed mechanistic biological account of the brain's capacities, including motor control, functional states, language, and thinking. Brain function is managed by a well-defined r e sponse ( R ) p r ocess t h at i s generally similar to the process underlying the immune system. The R process is strongly reflected in the brain's anatomy, physiology, and external i n teractions. Different R process stages are supported by distinct excitatory networks located in different cortical layers, hippocampal fields, and bagal ganglia paths, by distinct coordination networks comprised of GABAergic interneurons, and by distinct molecular agents. The roles of norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine and acetylcholine is to promote the alert, planning, goal-setting and execution R process modes, respectively. Opioids and oxytocin promote termination by success, failure, fight o r r un, w hile g lucocorticoids and cannabinoids suppress acute responses to protect cells. The R process has two instances occurring at different time scales. The millisecondscale Quax process implements the execution of hierarchical sequences of movements and thoughts, in which the selection of the next action is determined via interaction between top-down predictions and sensory inputs. The slower Need process controls the satisfaction of internal and external needs. The theory differs from the existing standard accounts in many of the major topics (e.g., the basal ganglia, dopamine, language), and shows how cognition results from biological processes.

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Melanin concentrating hormone induces hippocampal acetylcholine release via the medial septum in rats

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Different distributions of preproMCH and hypocretin/orexin in the forebrain of the pig (Sus scrofa domesticus)

Different distributions of preproMCH and hypocretin/orexin in the forebrain of the pig (Sus scrofa domesticus)

Neurofizjologiczne uwarunkowania procesów snu, czuwania, świadomości i przytomności. Część 2

The Brain, Explained: A Comprehensive Theory of Brain Function

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