Neurofizjologiczne uwarunkowania procesów snu, czuwania, świadomości i przytomności. Część 2

Iwańczuk, Waldemar; Guźniczak, Piotr

doi:10.5603/ait.2015.0016

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Consciousness is described as a combination of two components: arousal and awareness (30,31). Arousal refers to alertness or degree of alertness whereas awareness refers to the ability to interact with the environment or self.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transauricular vagus nerve stimulation for patients with disorders of consciousness: A randomized controlled clinical trial

et al. 2023

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IntroductionDisorders of consciousness (DoCs) are a frequent complication of brain injury disease, and effective treatments are currently lacking. Transauricular vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has been proposed as a promising therapeutic method for neurological disorders such as epilepsy and depression. In our previous study, we demonstrated that vagus nerve stimulation promoted recovery in rats with DoCs caused by traumatic brain injury. However, the clinical effect of vagus nerve stimulation on consciousness disorders is unclear. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of tVNS in patients with DoCs.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled trial. Patients (N = 60) with DoCs, including minimally conscious state (MCS) and vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, were enrolled and randomized to groups receiving either active or sham tVNS. A frequency of 20 Hz and pulse wave of 200 us was used in the active-tVNS protocol, which was performed in the auricular branch of the vagus nerve in the left outer ear. The sham-tVNS protocol was the same as the active-tVNS protocol although without current input. Both groups of patients also received conventional treatments. Consciousness was evaluated according to the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised before and after the 4-week intervention. We also recorded the type and number of behavioral responses. Safety was primarily assessed according to the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events. Each patient's heart rate and blood pressure were monitored during all treatment sessions.ResultsUltimately, 57 patients completed the study: 28 patients underwent active tVNS and 29 patients underwent sham tVNS. No significant differences were observed in Coma Recovery Scale-Revised scores between the active- and sham-tVNS groups before the tVNS sessions. Compared with patients in the sham-tVNS group (9.28 ± 4.38), patients with DoCs treated with active tVNS showed improved consciousness (10.93 ± 4.99), although not statistically significant. Further analysis revealed obvious differences between patients with MCS receiving active and sham tVNS, but no significant difference in patients with vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome in both groups. All side effects were considered common medical conditions with no obvious correlation to tVNS.ConclusionThese preliminary data provide early evidence that tVNS may be an effective and safe approach for promoting the recovery of consciousness, especially in patients with MCS.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=175938&htm=4, identifier: ChiCTR2200066629.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transauricular vagus nerve stimulation for patients with disorders of consciousness: A randomized controlled clinical trial

et al. 2023

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“…Mammals spend much of their day in sleep and other states of rest. Regular rest activity is instrumental for metabolism, hormone regulation, learning, positive emotion, attention, immune health, and other essential functions [1][2][3][4][5][6] . The inability to regulate states of restfulness disrupts an animal's ability to function and is associated with a variety of pathologies such as insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, depression, ADHD, schizophrenia, and even death [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neocortical long-range inhibition promotes cortical synchrony and sleep

Ratliff,

Terral,

Lutzu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Behavioral states such as sleep and wake are highly correlated with specific patterns of rhythmic activity in the cortex. During low arousal states such as slow wave sleep, the cortex is synchronized and dominated by low frequency rhythms coordinated across multiple regions. Although recent evidence suggests that GABAergic inhibitory neurons are key players in cortical state modulation, thein vivocircuit mechanisms coordinating synchronized activity among local and distant neocortical networks are not well understood. Here, we show that somatostatin and chondrolectin co-expressing cells (Sst-Chodl cells), a sparse and unique class of neocortical inhibitory neurons, are selectively active during low arousal states and are largely silent during periods of high arousal. In contrast to other neocortical inhibitory neurons, we show these neurons have long-range axons that project across neocortical areas. Activation of Sst-Chodl cells is sufficient to promote synchronized cortical states characteristic of low arousal, with increased spike co-firing and low frequency brain rhythms, and to alter behavioral states by promoting sleep. Contrary to the prevailing belief that sleep is exclusively driven by subcortical mechanisms, our findings reveal that these long-range inhibitory neurons not only track changes in behavioral state but are sufficient to induce both sleep-like cortical states and sleep behavior, establishing a crucial circuit component in regulating behavioral states.

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Regional heterogeneity of environmental stressors for the Early, Middle and Late Palaeolithic European human populations related to the evolutionary lineage of Neanderthals

Tràjer

2022

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Neurofizjologiczne uwarunkowania procesów snu, czuwania, świadomości i przytomności. Część 2

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Transauricular vagus nerve stimulation for patients with disorders of consciousness: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Transauricular vagus nerve stimulation for patients with disorders of consciousness: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Neocortical long-range inhibition promotes cortical synchrony and sleep

Regional heterogeneity of environmental stressors for the Early, Middle and Late Palaeolithic European human populations related to the evolutionary lineage of Neanderthals

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