Melanin and chromoblastomycosis agents: Characterization, functions, and relation with antifungals

Koehler, Alessandra; Heidrich, Daiane; Pagani, Danielle Machado; Corbellini, Valeriano Antônio; Scroferneker, Maria Lúcia

doi:10.1002/jobm.202000664

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This demonstrated that the modified diet employed in our work was safe for silkworms. It is well established that melanin is not required for growth and development, but it does play a significant function in survival and defense [ 38 ]. Using AMD-like cellular and mouse models, Kwon et al [ 39 ] demonstrated that melanin or melanin nanoparticles are biocompatible, nontoxic, and preferentially target reactive oxygen species with powerful antioxidant properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Melanin by Using Silkworm as a Model Animal

Andoh

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Melanin has been reported to have potential applications in industries such as cosmetics and food due to its anti-UV and antioxidative qualities. However, the corresponding data on its safety evaluation or biological consequences are fairly limited; such data are critical given its widespread use. The effect of different concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4%) of melanin on growth status (larvae length and weight, cocoon weight, and morphology), the microstructure of the various tissues (fat body, silk gland, and midgut), and silk properties was studied by using the silkworm (bombyx mori) as the model organism. The weight and length of silkworm larvae fed with melanin were lower than the control, indicating that melanin appears to have a negative effect on the growth status of silkworms; however, the histophysiology analysis indicates that the cell morphologies are not changed, the XRD and FTIR spectra indicate that the secondary and crystalline structures of silks are also well preserved, and the thermogravimetric analysis and tensile test indicate that the thermal stability and mechanical properties are well maintained and even improved to some extent. Generally, it indicates that melanin has a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of silkworm larva but causes no harm to the cell microstructures or silk properties; this demonstrates that the safety of melanin as a food addictive should be considered seriously. The increase of thermal stability and mechanical properties shows that melanin may be a good chemical modifier in textile industries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Melanin by Using Silkworm as a Model Animal

Andoh

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2022

Toxins

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“…Melanized saprophytic fungi are distributed worldwide, especially in extreme conditions, including in decaying wood or leaves and soil. Although the pathogenicity of such dematiaceous fungi is generally considered to be limited, they probably possess the properties required for virulence towards plant or human tissues and low susceptibility to antifungals [12]. There are very scarce data on the antifungal susceptibility of Kirschsteiniotheliales due to their rare involvement in human infections, as well as technical issues related to their slow growth in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromoblastomycosis Due to a Never-before-Seen Dematiaceous Fungus in a Kidney Transplant Patient

et al. 2021

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Chromoblastomycosis is a neglected fungal infection of the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue that predominates in tropical areas and results from the traumatic inoculation of environmental dematiaceous filamentous fungi. We describe the case of an immunosuppressed patient diagnosed with foot chromoblastomycosis due to an uncommon dematiaceous fungus. A 52-year-old Congolese kidney transplant woman presented with a painful lesion located on the foot. No trauma to the lower limbs was reported during the previous months. She lived in France and had not returned to the Congo over the previous eight years. Histology and mycological examination from skin biopsy revealed swollen dark filaments associated with dematiaceous muriform cells, pathognomonic of chromoblastomycosis. Cultures grew with dark pigmented colonies, yielding poor microscopic features. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the isolate was a member of Kirschsteiniotheliales (Dothideomycetes) and unrelated to the Chaetotyriales, of which most species commonly responsible for chromoblastomycosis belong. As there was no bone spreading, excision surgery of the entire lesion followed by liposomal amphotericin B therapy resulted in complete healing after six months. This original case illustrates the potential diversity of environmental dematiaceous fungi responsible for phaeohyphomycosis, especially chromoblastomycosis, and the need to send samples to mycology labs for appropriate diagnosis.

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“…For enzyme inhibitor assay, arginine, kojic acid, sulcotrione, tricyclazole, and carpropamid were added, respectively to the fermentation medium [17,[29][30][31]. For inducer assay, tyrosine and L-dopa were added, respectively, to the fermentation medium.…”

Section: Enzyme Inhibitor and Inducer Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the biosynthetic pathways of melanin in Auricularia auricula

Liu

et al. 2022

J Basic Microbiol

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Melanin is a natural pigment ubiquitously present in living organisms, including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Melanin produced by the edible mushroomAuricularia auricula has a remarkable potential for resource development. Several A. auricula strains planted across China were collected and analyzed for mycelial growth rate and colony red, green, blue (RGB) value for color block. Further, the effects of various nutrients on melanin formation, including different carbon and nitrogen sources were evaluated to optimize the medium for submerged fermentation. The pathways involved in the biosynthesis of melanin in A. auricula were investigated using an enzyme inhibitor assay and intermediate determination.In addition, the functional activity of purified A. auricula melanin was assessed. The highest melanin yield (1.797 g/L) was displayed by strain AU-3 in medium I.A. auricula melanin was composed of eumelanin, pheomelanin, and 1,8dihydroxynaphthalene melanin, and the biosynthetic pathways involved were Raper-Mason and 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin pathway. In addition, melanin purified from A. auricula exhibited substantial antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor activities.

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Melanin and chromoblastomycosis agents: Characterization, functions, and relation with antifungals

Cited by 13 publications

References 61 publications

The Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Melanin by Using Silkworm as a Model Animal

The Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Melanin by Using Silkworm as a Model Animal

Chromoblastomycosis Due to a Never-before-Seen Dematiaceous Fungus in a Kidney Transplant Patient

Studies on the biosynthetic pathways of melanin in Auricularia auricula

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