Melancholy, anhedonia, apathy: the search for separable behaviors and neural circuits in depression

Post, Ryan J; Warden, Melissa R.

doi:10.1016/j.conb.2018.02.018

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…However, while brief anxiety in animal models may be associated with elevated amygdala activation and relieved by amygdala suppression (Tye et al, 2011), an anxious mood can be associated with relatively stable changes in neurogenesis, brain region size, levels of neuromodulator release, hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, and changes in autonomic nervous system tone (Anacker and Hen, 2017). Similarly, while there may be similarities in basic circuits underlying a brief period of sad emotion and major depressive disorder, the latter can involve changes in prefrontal cortical activity in both patients and animal models (Post and Warden, 2018), and serotonergic, dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurochemistry, neuroinflammation, and function of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis in animals (Post and Warden, 2018;Cathomas et al, 2019). This suggests that, while circuits may be similar, the efficacy of odors to modulate emotions and moods may differ.…”

Section: Neural Circuits and Moodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and Neurobiological Convergence of Odor, Mood and Emotion: A Review

Kontaris¹,

East

Wilson

2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The affective state is the combination of emotion and mood, with mood reflecting a running average of sequential emotional events together with an underlying internal affective state. There is now extensive evidence that odors can overtly or subliminally modulate mood and emotion. Relying primarily on neurobiological literature, here we review what is known about how odors can affect emotions/moods and how emotions/moods may affect odor perception. We take the approach that form can provide insight into function by reviewing major brain regions and neural circuits underlying emotion and mood, and then reviewing the olfactory pathway in the context of that emotion/mood network. We highlight the extensive neuroanatomical opportunities for odor-emotion/mood convergence, as well as functional data demonstrating reciprocal interactions between these processes. Finally, we explore how the odoremotion/mood interplay is, or could be, used in medical and/or commercial applications.

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Section: Neural Circuits and Moodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and Neurobiological Convergence of Odor, Mood and Emotion: A Review

Kontaris¹,

East

Wilson

2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has a complex etiology with neurobiological deregulation of cellular signaling involving select brain regions and neurotransmitter systems (Knowland and Lim; 1 Post and Warden 2 for reviews). The regulation of mood can be influenced by the activity of the orbital frontal corticostriatal (OFC) circuits involving the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the hippocampus, the limbic system, amygdala, and other regions identified and characterized using Neuroimaging and other technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) using different TMS instruments for major depressive disorder at a suburban tertiary clinic

Davila¹,

Ely²,

Manzardo

2019

Mental Illness

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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a neurostimulatory technique used to modulate orbital frontal corticostriatal (OFC) activity and clinical symptomatology for psychiatric disorders involving OFC dysfunction. We examined the effectiveness of rTMS in the treatment of major depressive disorder in an applied clinical setting (Awakening KC CNI) to assess efficacy and optimize rTMS parameters within clinical practice. A retrospective review of medical records was carried out on patients with major depressive disorder undergoing rTMS therapy at Awakenings KC Clinical Neuroscience Institute (CNI), a suburban tertiary psychiatric clinic. A detailed de-identified data set of clinical outcomes was compiled. Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) total score, clinical remission rate and week achieved were evaluated over 6 weeks of treatment to assess clinical response referencing two different rTMS instruments (MagVenture; NeuroStar). Our survey included 247 participants from males (N=98) and females (N=149) with average baseline PHQ-9 scores of 21.7±4, classified as severe depression. Clinically rated remission rates of 72% were achieved in 3.1±1.0 weeks and associated with prior history of psychiatric hospitalization, suicide attempts and substance use disorder. Average baseline PHQ- 9 scores decreased significantly over time with proportionately greater remission rates achieved for patients treated using the MagVenture over NeuroStar instrument. rTMS in applied clinical practice is efficacious over a wide range of settings and patients. Clinical response was related to severity of depression symptoms (e.g., prior hospitalization; suicide attempts) validating efficacy in critically ill groups. Clinical response may be impacted by rTMS instru- ment, magnetic field parameters or individual factors.

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“…5,6 The lower integrity of white matter tracts connecting these cortical and subcortical regions supports the concept of MDD as a "disconnection syndrome." [7][8][9] In MDD, recent studies have implicated alterations in certain structural and functional subnetworks with specific depression symptom dimensions. 10,11 Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) techniques such as tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) allow for the investigation of diffusion in the brain, which is employed to derive information about white matter integrity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time heals all wounds? A 2-year longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study in major depressive disorder

Repple

Zaremba

Meinert

et al. 2019

JPN

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Background: Cross-sectional studies have repeatedly shown impaired white matter integrity in patients with major depressive disorder. Longitudinal analyses are missing from the current research and are crucial to elucidating the impact of disease trajectories on white matter impairment in major depressive disorder. Methods: Fifty-nine patients with major depressive disorder receiving inpatient treatment, as well as 49 healthy controls, took part in a prospective study. Participants were scanned twice (baseline and follow-up), approximately 2.25 years apart, using diffusion tensor imaging. We analyzed diffusion metrics using tract-based spatial statistics. Results: At baseline, patients had higher mean diffusivity in a large bilateral frontal cluster comprising the body and genu of the corpus callosum, the anterior and superior corona radiata, and the superior longitudinal fasciculus. A significant group × time interaction revealed a decrease of mean diffusivity in patients with major depressive disorder over time, abolishing group differences at follow-up. This effect was observed irrespective of disease course in the follow-up period. Limitations: Analyzing the course of illness is challenging because of recollection biases in patients with major depressive disorder. Conclusion: This study reports follow-up diffusion tensor imaging data in patients with major depressive disorder after an acute depressive episode. We demonstrated impaired prefrontal white matter microstructure (higher mean diffusivity) at baseline in patients with major depressive disorder, which normalized at follow-up after 2 years, irrespective of disease course. This might have been due to a general treatment effect and might have reflected recovery of white matter integrity.

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Melancholy, anhedonia, apathy: the search for separable behaviors and neural circuits in depression

Cited by 31 publications

References 99 publications

Behavioral and Neurobiological Convergence of Odor, Mood and Emotion: A Review

Behavioral and Neurobiological Convergence of Odor, Mood and Emotion: A Review

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) using different TMS instruments for major depressive disorder at a suburban tertiary clinic

Time heals all wounds? A 2-year longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study in major depressive disorder

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