MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2 and MPK4 function together in a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade to regulate innate immunity in plants

Gao, Minghui; Liu, Jinman; Bi, Dongling; Zhang, Zhibin; Cheng, Fang; Chen, Sanfeng; Zhang, Yuelin

doi:10.1038/cr.2008.300

Cited by 383 publications

(356 citation statements)

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“…In Arabidopsis, a negative regulatory role of the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 module in defense responses has been established (Nakagami et al, 2006;SuarezRodriguez et al, 2007;Gao et al, 2008;Qiu et al, 2008b). MKK1 and MKK2 are two closely related MKKs that interact with MPK4 and MEKK1 both in yeast and in vivo (Gao et al, 2008;Qiu et al, 2008b).…”

Section: Determination Of Upstream Gmmkks For Gmmpk4a Using Bimoleculmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MKK1 and MKK2 are two closely related MKKs that interact with MPK4 and MEKK1 both in yeast and in vivo (Gao et al, 2008;Qiu et al, 2008b). To test whether a similar signaling module is also present in soybean, bimolecular fluorescence complementation was performed to identify the GmMKKs that function upstream of MPK4a.…”

Section: Determination Of Upstream Gmmkks For Gmmpk4a Using Bimoleculmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic studies confirmed that MEKK1 and MKK1/2 act upstream of MPK4, as mekk1 and mkk1/mkk2 double mutants display similar constitutive defense responses, including elevated levels of SA and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), spontaneous cell death, constitutive PR gene expression, and pathogen resistance (Petersen et al, 2000;Mészáros et al, 2006;Suarez-Rodriguez et al, 2007;Gao et al, 2008;Qiu et al, 2008b). In addition, both MPK4 and MEKK1 interact with MKK1 and MKK2 in vivo (Gao et al, 2008), and MEKK1 and MKK1/2 are essential for activation of MPK4 (Ichimura et al, 2006;Nakagami et al, 2006;Suarez-Rodriguez et al, 2007;Gao et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In addition, both MPK4 and MEKK1 interact with MKK1 and MKK2 in vivo (Gao et al, 2008), and MEKK1 and MKK1/2 are essential for activation of MPK4 (Ichimura et al, 2006;Nakagami et al, 2006;Suarez-Rodriguez et al, 2007;Gao et al, 2008). Lastly, many defense-related genes are similarly deregulated in mekk1, mkk1/2, and mpk4 mutants (Qiu et al, 2008b;Pitzschke et al, 2009a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the 20 Arabidopsis MPKs, MPK3, MPK4, and MPK6 are implicated in defense responses and have been most extensively studied (Innes, 2001;Pitzschke et al, 2009b). While MPK3 and MPK6 act as positive regulators of defense responses (Asai et al, 2002;Menke et al, 2005;Takahashi et al, 2007;Ren et al, 2008;Mao et al, 2011), MPK4 negatively regulates defense responses (Petersen et al, 2000;Brodersen et al, 2006;Gao et al, 2008). Besides its role in defense, MPK4 also plays a role in cytokinesis (Kosetsu et al, 2010;Beck et al, 2011;Zeng et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Soybean Homologs of MPK4 Negatively Regulate Defense Responses and Positively Regulate Growth and Development

et al. 2011

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in disease resistance in model plant species such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). However, the importance of MAPK signaling pathways in the disease resistance of crops is still largely uninvestigated. To better understand the role of MAPK signaling pathways in disease resistance in soybean (Glycine max), 13, nine, and 10 genes encoding distinct MAPKs, MAPKKs, and MAPKKKs, respectively, were silenced using virus-induced gene silencing mediated by Bean pod mottle virus. Among the plants silenced for various MAPKs, MAPKKs, and MAPKKKs, those in which GmMAPK4 homologs (GmMPK4s) were silenced displayed strong phenotypes including stunted stature and spontaneous cell death on the leaves and stems, the characteristic hallmarks of activated defense responses. Microarray analysis showed that genes involved in defense responses, such as those in salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways, were significantly up-regulated in GmMPK4-silenced plants, whereas genes involved in growth and development, such as those in auxin signaling pathways and in cell cycle and proliferation, were significantly down-regulated. As expected, SA and hydrogen peroxide accumulation was significantly increased in GmMPK4-silenced plants. Accordingly, GmMPK4-silenced plants were more resistant to downy mildew and Soybean mosaic virus compared with vector control plants. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis and in vitro kinase assays, we determined that GmMKK1 and GmMKK2 might function upstream of GmMPK4. Taken together, our results indicate that GmMPK4s negatively regulate SA accumulation and defense response but positively regulate plant growth and development, and their functions are conserved across plant species.

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Section: Determination Of Upstream Gmmkks For Gmmpk4a Using Bimoleculmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of Upstream Gmmkks For Gmmpk4a Using Bimoleculmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soybean Homologs of MPK4 Negatively Regulate Defense Responses and Positively Regulate Growth and Development

et al. 2011

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Identification of tyrosine autophosphorylation sites of Arabidopsis MEKK1 and their involvement in the regulation of kinase activity

et al. 2018

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The MEKK1 kinase is a key regulator of stress signaling in Arabidopsis; however, little is known about the regulation of its kinase activity. Here, we found that recombinant MEKK1, expressed in both mammalian HEK293 cells and Escherichia coli, shows a mobility shift in SDS-PAGE, and immunoblotting detected phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues. N-terminal deletions, site-directed mutagenesis, and protein phosphatase treatment revealed that the mobility shift results from autophosphorylation of the kinase domain. We identified the tyrosine autophosphorylation sites in the N-terminal region of MEKK1. Tyrosine to phenylalanine mutations decrease phosphorylation of the substrate MKK1, suggesting the important role of this residue in the regulation of MEKK1 kinase activity. The present study is the first to show that plant MAPKKKs are regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation.

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Specificity models in MAPK cascade signaling

Nicolet

2023

FEBS Open Bio

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The precise execution of various cellular functions relies on the maintenance of signaling specificity from input detection to cellular outputs. However, diverse signaling pathways share similar or identical intermediate components. A well‐conserved intermediate, the Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade, participates in a myriad of signaling pathways, regulating signal transduction from input to output. This typifies the “hourglass conundrum”, where a multitude of inputs and outputs all operate through a limited number of common intermediates. Therefore, understanding how MAPK cascades regulate a variety of outputs with specificity is a fundamental question in biology. This review highlights four major insulating mechanisms that improve signaling specificity: selective activation, compartmentalization, combinatorial signaling, and cross‐pathway inhibition. We focus on plant pathways that share MAPK cascade components and compare mechanisms with those of animals and yeast. We hope this conceptual overview will aid future studies to better understand plant signaling specificity.

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MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2 and MPK4 function together in a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade to regulate innate immunity in plants

Cited by 383 publications

References 29 publications

Soybean Homologs of MPK4 Negatively Regulate Defense Responses and Positively Regulate Growth and Development

Soybean Homologs of MPK4 Negatively Regulate Defense Responses and Positively Regulate Growth and Development

Identification of tyrosine autophosphorylation sites of Arabidopsis MEKK1 and their involvement in the regulation of kinase activity

Specificity models in MAPK cascade signaling

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