Meiotic behavior, transmission and active genes of B chromosomes in the cichlid Astatotilapia latifasciata: new clues about nature, evolution and maintenance of accessory elements

Cardoso, Adauto Lima; Venturelli, Natália Bortholazzi; Cruz, Irene da; Patroni, Fábio Malta de Sá; Moraes, Diogo de; Oliveira, Rogério Antônio de; Benavente, Ricardo; Martins, Cesar

doi:10.1007/s00438-022-01911-4

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…In another study in A. latifasciata, cell cycle genes, separin, tubb1 and kif11 genes were reported which code for synaptonemal complex organization proteins ( SMC3, SYCP1 and SYCP3 ) with localized transcription and expression in the encephalon, muscle and gonads. They have beneficial effects on hosts and contribute to the maintenance of Bs ( Cardoso et al, 2022 ). In Lilium callosum , when the number of Bs exceeds one, both the pollen and seed fertility decrease significantly ( Kimura and Kayano, 1961 ).…”

Section: Assigning Functions To Bs: Identification Of Genes On B Chro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehending the dynamism of B chromosomes in their journey towards becoming unselfish

Rajpal

Sharma

Sehgal

et al. 2023

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Investigated for more than a century now, B chromosomes (Bs) research has come a long way from Bs being considered parasitic or neutral to becoming unselfish and bringing benefits to their hosts. B chromosomes exist as accessory chromosomes along with the standard A chromosomes (As) across eukaryotic taxa. Represented singly or in multiple copies, B chromosomes are largely heterochromatic but also contain euchromatic and organellar segments. Although B chromosomes are derived entities, they follow their species-specific evolutionary pattern. B chromosomes fail to pair with the standard chromosomes during meiosis and vary in their number, size, composition and structure across taxa and ensure their successful transmission through non-mendelian mechanisms like mitotic, pre-meiotic, meiotic or post-meiotic drives, unique non-disjunction, self-pairing or even imparting benefits to the host when they lack drive. B chromosomes have been associated with cellular processes like sex determination, pathogenicity, resistance to pathogens, phenotypic effects, and differential gene expression. With the advancements in B-omics research, novel insights have been gleaned on their functions, some of which have been associated with the regulation of gene expression of A chromosomes through increased expression of miRNAs or differential expression of transposable elements located on them. The next-generation sequencing and emerging technologies will further likely unravel the cellular, molecular and functional behaviour of these enigmatic entities. Amidst the extensive fluidity shown by B chromosomes in their structural and functional attributes, we perceive that the existence and survival of B chromosomes in the populations most likely seem to be a trade-off between the drive efficiency and adaptive significance versus their adverse effects on reproduction.

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Section: Assigning Functions To Bs: Identification Of Genes On B Chro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehending the dynamism of B chromosomes in their journey towards becoming unselfish

Rajpal

Sharma

Sehgal

et al. 2023

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Heteromorphic sex chromosomes have not been identified in this species, and the B chromosome can be found in one-third of the population. Previous studies have already characterized the B chromosome and the A. latifasciata genome through molecular and large-scale approaches, such as annotation of the coding genes [36], TE content [22], epigenetic DNA modifications [37,38], genome assembly [39], proteome and transcriptome [40], lncRNAs [13], and miRNAs [20]. Among the coding genes, pld6, which is important for primary piRNA generation, is present in the B chromosome of A. latifasciata [41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First characterization of PIWI-interacting RNA clusters in a cichlid fish with a B chromosome

et al. 2022

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Background B chromosomes are extra elements found in several eukaryote species. Usually, they do not express a phenotype in the host. However, advances in bioinformatics over the last decades have allowed us to describe several genes and molecular functions related to B chromosomes. These advances enable investigations of the relationship between the B chromosome and the host to understand how this element has been preserved in genomes. However, considering that transposable elements (TEs) are highly abundant in this supernumerary chromosome, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the dynamics of TE control in B-carrying cells. Thus, the present study characterized PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) clusters and pathways responsible for silencing the mobilization of TEs in gonads of the cichlid fish Astatotilapia latifasciata carrying the B chromosome. Results Through small RNA-seq and genome assembly, we predicted and annotated piRNA clusters in the A. latifasciata genome for the first time. We observed that these clusters had biased expression related to sex and the presence of the B chromosome. Furthermore, three piRNA clusters, named curupira, were identified in the B chromosome. Two of them were expressed exclusively in gonads of samples with the B chromosome. The composition of these curupira sequences was derived from LTR, LINE, and DNA elements, representing old and recent transposition events in the A. latifasciata genome and the B chromosome. The presence of the B chromosome also affected the expression of piRNA pathway genes. The mitochondrial cardiolipin hydrolase-like (pld6) gene is present in the B chromosome, as previously reported, and an increase in its expression was detected in gonads with the B chromosome. Conclusions Due to the high abundance of TEs in the B chromosome, it was possible to investigate the origin of piRNA from these jumping genes. We hypothesize that the B chromosome has evolved its own genomic guardians to prevent uncontrolled TE mobilization. Furthermore, we also detected an expression bias in the presence of the B chromosome over A. latifasciata piRNA clusters and pathway genes.

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Transcribing the enigma: the B chromosome as a territory of uncharted RNAs

Oliveira,

Cabral-de-Mello,

Valente

et al. 2024

Genetics

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B chromosomes are supernumerary elements found in several groups of eukaryotes, including fungi, plants, and animals. Typically, these chromosomes either originate from their hosts through errors in meiosis or interspecifically through horizontal transfer. While many B chromosomes are primarily heterochromatic and possess a low number of coding genes, these additional elements are still capable of transcribing sequences and exerting influence on the expression of host genes. How B chromosomes escape elimination and which impacts can be promoted in the cell always intrigued the cytogeneticists. In pursuit of understanding the behavior and functional impacts of these extra elements, cytogenetic studies meet the advances of molecular biology, incorporating various techniques into investigating B chromosomes from a functional perspective. In this review, we present a timeline of studies investigating B chromosomes and RNAs, highlighting the advances and key findings throughout their history. Additionally, we identified which RNA classes are reported in the B chromosomes and emphasized the necessity for further investigation into new perspectives on the B chromosome functions. In this context, we present a phylogenetic tree that illustrates which branches either report B chromosome presence or have functional RNA studies related to B chromosomes. We propose investigating other unexplored RNA classes and conducting functional analysis in conjunction with cytogenetic studies to enhance our understanding of the B chromosome from an RNA perspective.

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Meiotic behavior, transmission and active genes of B chromosomes in the cichlid Astatotilapia latifasciata: new clues about nature, evolution and maintenance of accessory elements

Cited by 4 publications

References 78 publications

Comprehending the dynamism of B chromosomes in their journey towards becoming unselfish

Comprehending the dynamism of B chromosomes in their journey towards becoming unselfish

First characterization of PIWI-interacting RNA clusters in a cichlid fish with a B chromosome

Transcribing the enigma: the B chromosome as a territory of uncharted RNAs

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